B1 TEMP - You and Your Genes

Question 1

All livings things are made of _____.

Cells can either be _______ or ________.

Answer 1

All livings things are made of cells

Cells can either be eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Question 2

Eukaryotic cells are ______ and include all ______ and ____ cells.

Prokaryotic cells are ______ and ______ (e.g. bacteria cells)

Answer 2

Eukaryotic cells - Complex - All animal and plant cells

Prokaryotic - Smaller & Simpler - e.g. bacteria cells

Question 3

Both types of cell contain _______ material in the form of the chemical ____ - this contains in______ that control the _______ of the cell, and allows the whole organism to _______ and _______ as it should.

Genetic material is stored _______ in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Answer 3

Both types of cells - Have genetic material in the form of the chemical DNA
DNA - Contains instructions that control the activities of a cell - Allows whole organism to develop and function

Genetic material is stored differently in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Question 4

The different parts of a cell are called _________ structures.

Eukaryotic cells have a ______, Prokaryotic cells have no ______

Answer 4

Different parts of a cell - Subcellular structures

Eukaryotic cell - Has nucleus

Prokaryotic cell - No nucleus

Question 5

Animal cells like most _______ cells contains the following ______ structures.

• N______
• C______
• ______ permeable ___ _______
• M_______
• R______

Answer 5

Animal cells like most eukaryotic cells have the following subcellular structures

• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Partially permeable cell membrane
• Mitochondria
• Ribosomes

Question 6

Nucleus - contains _____ material, which is arranged into ________.

Answer 6

Nucleus - Has genetic material which is arranged into chromosomes

Question 7

Cytoplasm - ___-like substance where most of the ______ ______ happens. It contains _____ that _____ these _______ reactions.

Answer 7

Cytoplasm - gel-like substance where most chemical reactions occur. - Has enzymes that control these chemical reactions

Question 8

A partially permeable ___ ________ - holds the cell _______ and controls what goes __ and ___.

Answer 8

Partially permeable cell membrane - holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.

Question 9

Mitochondria - contain the _______ needed to control most of the reactions in _______ ______. Respiration transfers ______ that the cell needs to work.

Answer 9

Mitochondria - Has the enzymes needed to control the reactions in aerobic respiration.
Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work

Question 10

Ribosomes - these are involved in the _______ of _______.

Answer 10

Ribosomes - Involved in the synthesis of proteins

Question 11

Plants cells have everything an animal cell has, but also a few extra which are…

• Rigid ___ ____
• Large ________
• __________

Answer 11

Plants cells have everything an animal cell has, but also a few extra which are…

• Rigid cell wall
• Large vacuole
• Chloroplasts

Question 12

Plant cell, Rigid CELL WALL - Made of ______. It ______ the cell and _______ it.

Answer 12

Plant cell, Rigid CELL WALL - Made of cellulose. Supports and strengthens cell.

Question 13

Plant cell, large VACUOLE - contains cell ___, a weak solution of ____ and ____.

Answer 13

Plant cell, large VACUOLE - contains CELL SAP - a weak solution of sugars and salts

Question 14

Plant cell, CHLOROPLASTS - Where _________ occurs, which makes f___ for the plant. Contain a green _____ called _________.

Answer 14

Plant cell, CHLOROPLASTS - Where photosynthesis occurs - food made for plant. - Contains green pigment called chlorophyll

Question 15

Prokaryotic cells (such as b______) don’t have a ______. Instead they store their gen___ material as

• One long cir_____ _______, which floats free in the ________
• P______ - small loops of extra ___. They contain genes for things like ____ resistance, and can be ______ between prokaryotic cells

Not all prokaryotic cells have ________.

Answer 15

Prokaryotic cell - no nucleus. Genetic material store as

• One long circular CHROMOSOME - floats free in the cytoplasm
• PLASMIDS - small loops of extra DNA - contain genes for things like drug resistance - can be transferred between prokaryotic cells

NOT all prokaryotic cells have plasmids

Question 16

Prokaryotes also have other sub cellular structures such as

• Cell _______
• Cell ____
• ________

Answer 16

Prokaryotic cells also have

• Cell membrane
• Cell wall
• Ribosomes

Question 17

Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells don’t contain _________ or ________.

Answer 17

Prokaryotic cells - no mitochondria or chloroplasts

Question 18

Microscopes ______ images to make them look ______ and allow things to be seen in more ______.

Answer 18

Microscopes - Magnify/Enlarge images - see things in more detail

Question 19

Light microscopes work by passing ____ through the specimen.

They let you see sub cellular structures such as _____ and _______.

Answer 19

Light microscopes - Passes light through specimen
See sub cellular structures such as

• Nuclei
• Chloroplasts Check CGP for the practical (*)

Question 20

Genome - The en___ _______ ______ of an __________.

Answer 20

Genome - Entire genetic material of an organism

Question 21

In plant and animal cells, genetic material is stored in the ______ and is arranged into _________.

Answer 21

Plant and animal cells - genetic material stored in nucleus arranged into chromosomes

Question 22

The chromosomes come in ____ (humans have ___ pairs, so ___ chromosome in total).

A chromosome is one very ___ molecule of ____ that’s ____ up.

Answer 22

Chromosomes - come in pairs - Human have 23 pairs so 46 chromosomes in total

Chromosome - 1 very long molecule of DNA that’s coiled up

Question 23

DNA is a p______ - a molecule made up of smaller, ______ units called _______.

DNA is made from monomers called _________.

Each DNA molecule contains ___ strands of ________, which coil together to form a ______ _____.

Answer 23

DNA - Polymer made of smaller, repeating units called monomers

DNA monomer = Nucleotide

Each DNA - 2 strands of nucleotide coiled together to form a DOUBLE HELIX

Question 24

A gene is a ____ length of ___ on a _________.

Answer 24

Gene - Short length of DNA on a chromosome

Question 25

Each gene codes for a particular ________ of _____ acids, which are put together to make a specific _____.

The process of making a big ______ (e.g. a protein) from lots of smaller _______ (e.g. amino acids) is called _________.

Answer 25

Gene - Code for a particular sequence of amino acids for specific protein

Making big molecule (e.g. protein) from smaller molecules (e.g. amino acids) - Polymerisation

Question 26

Proteins _____ the development of different ________ (e.g. dimples, and how an organism _______)

Answer 26

Proteins control the development of different characteristics (e.g. dimples, and how an organism functions).

Question 27

Genes can exist in different _______. Each version gives a different form of a ________, like blue or brown eyes.

Different versions of the same gene are called ______

Answer 27

Genes - Be in different versions - Each version gives different characteristic

Alleles - Different versions of the same gene

Question 28

Each chromosome in a pair carry the same ____, but they each may carry different ______.

Different versions of the same gene can be called ______ ______/

Answer 28

Each pair of chromosome - Same genes but each gene may carry different alleles

Different versions of the same gene can also be called genetic variants

Question 29

Genotype - Combination of ______ an organism has for each ____.

The characteristics an organism displays is called it’s ________.

Answer 29

Genotype - Combination of alleles an organism has for each gene

Phenotype - Characteristics an organism displays