B1 TEMP - You and Your Genes Flashcards
All livings things are made of _____.
Cells can either be _______ or ________.
All livings things are made of cells
Cells can either be eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic cells are ______ and include all ______ and ____ cells.
Prokaryotic cells are ______ and ______ (e.g. bacteria cells)
Eukaryotic cells - Complex - All animal and plant cells
Prokaryotic - Smaller & Simpler - e.g. bacteria cells
Both types of cell contain _______ material in the form of the chemical ____ - this contains in______ that control the _______ of the cell, and allows the whole organism to _______ and _______ as it should.
Genetic material is stored _______ in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Both types of cells - Have genetic material in the form of the chemical DNA
DNA - Contains instructions that control the activities of a cell - Allows whole organism to develop and function
Genetic material is stored differently in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
The different parts of a cell are called _________ structures.
Eukaryotic cells have a ______, Prokaryotic cells have no ______
Different parts of a cell - Subcellular structures
Eukaryotic cell - Has nucleus
Prokaryotic cell - No nucleus
Animal cells like most _______ cells contains the following ______ structures.
- N______
- C______
- ______ permeable ___ _______
- M_______
- R______
Animal cells like most eukaryotic cells have the following subcellular structures
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Partially permeable cell membrane
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
Nucleus - contains _____ material, which is arranged into ________.
Nucleus - Has genetic material which is arranged into chromosomes
Cytoplasm - ___-like substance where most of the ______ ______ happens. It contains _____ that _____ these _______ reactions.
Cytoplasm - gel-like substance where most chemical reactions occur. - Has enzymes that control these chemical reactions
A partially permeable ___ ________ - holds the cell _______ and controls what goes __ and ___.
Partially permeable cell membrane - holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.
Mitochondria - contain the _______ needed to control most of the reactions in _______ ______. Respiration transfers ______ that the cell needs to work.
Mitochondria - Has the enzymes needed to control the reactions in aerobic respiration.
Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work
Ribosomes - these are involved in the _______ of _______.
Ribosomes - Involved in the synthesis of proteins
Plants cells have everything an animal cell has, but also a few extra which are…
- Rigid ___ ____
- Large ________
- __________
Plants cells have everything an animal cell has, but also a few extra which are…
- Rigid cell wall
- Large vacuole
- Chloroplasts
Plant cell, Rigid CELL WALL - Made of ______. It ______ the cell and _______ it.
Plant cell, Rigid CELL WALL - Made of cellulose. Supports and strengthens cell.
Plant cell, large VACUOLE - contains cell ___, a weak solution of ____ and ____.
Plant cell, large VACUOLE - contains CELL SAP - a weak solution of sugars and salts
Plant cell, CHLOROPLASTS - Where _________ occurs, which makes f___ for the plant. Contain a green _____ called _________.
Plant cell, CHLOROPLASTS - Where photosynthesis occurs - food made for plant. - Contains green pigment called chlorophyll
Prokaryotic cells (such as b______) don’t have a ______. Instead they store their gen___ material as
- One long cir_____ _______, which floats free in the ________
- P______ - small loops of extra ___. They contain genes for things like ____ resistance, and can be ______ between prokaryotic cells
Not all prokaryotic cells have ________.
Prokaryotic cell - no nucleus. Genetic material store as
- One long circular CHROMOSOME - floats free in the cytoplasm
- PLASMIDS - small loops of extra DNA - contain genes for things like drug resistance - can be transferred between prokaryotic cells
NOT all prokaryotic cells have plasmids
Prokaryotes also have other sub cellular structures such as
- Cell _______
- Cell ____
- ________
Prokaryotic cells also have
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
- Ribosomes
Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells don’t contain _________ or ________.
Prokaryotic cells - no mitochondria or chloroplasts
Microscopes ______ images to make them look ______ and allow things to be seen in more ______.
Microscopes - Magnify/Enlarge images - see things in more detail
Light microscopes work by passing ____ through the specimen.
They let you see sub cellular structures such as _____ and _______.
Light microscopes - Passes light through specimen
See sub cellular structures such as
- Nuclei
- Chloroplasts Check CGP for the practical (*)
Genome - The en___ _______ ______ of an __________.
Genome - Entire genetic material of an organism
In plant and animal cells, genetic material is stored in the ______ and is arranged into _________.
Plant and animal cells - genetic material stored in nucleus arranged into chromosomes
The chromosomes come in ____ (humans have ___ pairs, so ___ chromosome in total).
A chromosome is one very ___ molecule of ____ that’s ____ up.
Chromosomes - come in pairs - Human have 23 pairs so 46 chromosomes in total
Chromosome - 1 very long molecule of DNA that’s coiled up
DNA is a p______ - a molecule made up of smaller, ______ units called _______.
DNA is made from monomers called _________.
Each DNA molecule contains ___ strands of ________, which coil together to form a ______ _____.
DNA - Polymer made of smaller, repeating units called monomers
DNA monomer = Nucleotide
Each DNA - 2 strands of nucleotide coiled together to form a DOUBLE HELIX
A gene is a ____ length of ___ on a _________.
Gene - Short length of DNA on a chromosome
Each gene codes for a particular ________ of _____ acids, which are put together to make a specific _____.
The process of making a big ______ (e.g. a protein) from lots of smaller _______ (e.g. amino acids) is called _________.
Gene - Code for a particular sequence of amino acids for specific protein
Making big molecule (e.g. protein) from smaller molecules (e.g. amino acids) - Polymerisation
Proteins _____ the development of different ________ (e.g. dimples, and how an organism _______)
Proteins control the development of different characteristics (e.g. dimples, and how an organism functions).
Genes can exist in different _______. Each version gives a different form of a ________, like blue or brown eyes.
Different versions of the same gene are called ______
Genes - Be in different versions - Each version gives different characteristic
Alleles - Different versions of the same gene
Each chromosome in a pair carry the same ____, but they each may carry different ______.
Different versions of the same gene can be called ______ ______/
Each pair of chromosome - Same genes but each gene may carry different alleles
Different versions of the same gene can also be called genetic variants
Genotype - Combination of ______ an organism has for each ____.
The characteristics an organism displays is called it’s ________.
Genotype - Combination of alleles an organism has for each gene
Phenotype - Characteristics an organism displays
