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biology mock Flashcards

1
Q

what is a limiting factor

A

prevent rate of reaction increasing any further

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2
Q

what happens before a cell divides

A

there is an increase in subcellular structures

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3
Q

how do you calculate magnification

A

image size/actual size

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4
Q

what is 1 mm in nm

A

1mm=1 000 000 nm

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5
Q

what does drug x mean about cell division

A

nucleus cannot divide as chromosomes are not pulled to each end of the cell

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6
Q

what is pre clinical testing

A

test drugs on like tissues in lab

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7
Q

what is the method for investigating osmosis

A
  1. cut the potatoes into identical cylinders
  2. get beakers with pure water,0.2 mol/dm3,0.4 mol/dm3,0.6 , 1 mol/dm3 of sugar solution (same volume)
  3. measure the mass of cylinder (dry) then leave in each beaker for 24 hrs
  4. take them out,dry them and measure mass again
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8
Q

how do you do food tests for carbs

A
  1. use iodine solution(startch), put a few drops on cake, turns from browny orange to blue-black if present
  2. use benedicts solution(sugars). heat cake with benedicts solution using a water bath. turns from blue to green,yellow or red depending on how much sugar
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9
Q

how do sub cellular structures help to move dissolved sugars in phloem

A

cell contains mitochondria which releases energy needed to move the sugars against the concentration gradient by active transport

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10
Q

explain how increasing temperature and co2 increase rate

A
  • increasing temperature while co2 is constant increases rate as particles have ore kinetic energy so more movement
  • increasing co2 increases the reactants
  • the rate decreases at a certain point due to another limiting factor
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11
Q

why does bread taste sweet

A

it contains starch which is broken down into glucose which contains amalyse

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12
Q

what is the palisade cell

A

contains most chloroplasts

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13
Q

what is the spongy mesophyll

A

contains air spaces

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14
Q

what are meristems

A

can differentiate

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15
Q

what is lignin

A

strengthens xylem tissue

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16
Q

what is translocation

A

transports dissolved sugars around plant

17
Q

what happens as a cell differentiates into a phloem cell

A

loses sub cellular structures

18
Q

what is an example of n antibiotic

A

penicillen

19
Q

what is the problem with antibiotic resistance

A

have to rpoduce new antibiotics which takes a long time

20
Q

what is the problem with viruses

A
  • only exist on living cells
  • hard to devlop a drug to destroy viruses as it is hard to get it inside the body and could destroy cells
21
Q

why if leaves are covered can they not photosynthesiseis

A

no photosynthesis so no glucose cant produce starch

22
Q

what mineral is missing when a plant has an ion deficientcy

A

magnesium

23
Q

what happens to the body if you reduce the amount og oxygen in blood

A

less aerobic respiration so less energy is produced. heart rate and breathing rate will increase to let in more oxygen

24
Q

how are alveoli adapted to maximise gas exchange

A
  • large surface area
  • good blood supply
  • walls are only 1 cell thick
25
Q

where is CF found

A

nuclues

26
Q

how does CF cause difficulty digesting food and gaining body mass

A
  • less lipase so less fat is broken down, less amylase so less starch broken down, less proteases broken down into amino acids
  • fewer molecules of amino acids to build muscle, less fat stored so less energy and cant build new body mass
27
Q

what is an example of a life style factor increasing risk of cardiovascular disease

A

poor diet

28
Q

how do stents help

A

hold open blood vessel to allow more blood to flow through

29
Q

what drug decreases level of cholesterol in blood

A

statins

30
Q

how does pressure on the heart help

A

pushes the blood around the body to get more oxygen around the body

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