biology: Lungs And Heart Flashcards
What diffuses alveoli to the blood?
Oxygen
Oxygen moves from a ________ concentration gradient to a _______ concentration gradient.
From a high to low
Oxygen moves ______ a concentration gradient
Down
Carbon dioxide moves from a _____ concentration gradient to a ______ concentration gradient
High to low
3 adaptations of the alveoli
Surface is folded - to increase the surface area.
Thin walls - results in a short diffusion pathway.
Good blood supply - maintains a steep concentration gradient.
What do the adaptations of the alveoli increase?
The rate of diffusion.
3 components of the respiratory system
Mouth, trachea, lungs
What diffuses from the blood to the alveoli?
Carbon dioxide.
Why is it important for oxygen to enter the body?
To respirate and conduct breathing through the lungs - so we can carry out our life process.
Structure of the alveoli to help their function:
Thin walls and good blood supply to increase the rate of diffusion.
What is the function of an artery?
To carry blood away from the heart ( under high pressure )
Adaptation of the artery:
Thick walls - withstand pressure
Thick muscle - to maintain pressure
Elastic fibers - to stretch
Small lumen - maintains high pressure for blood
Function of a vein:
To carry blood into the heart
Adaptation of a vein:
Have valves to stop back flow of blood
What is the function of a capillary
To carry blood to all body cells
Adaptation of a capillary
Thin walls to allow nutrients to pass in and out of the body
4 components of the blood
Plasma - liquid part of the blood, carries waste product and dissolved nutrients like co2
Platelets - involved in blood clotting
Red blood cells - contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen
White blood cells - protect us from invading pathogens which produce toxins
What is a double circulatory system?
Where blood passes through the heart twice, for each complete circuit of the heart
What does pulmonary mean?
From the heart to lungs
What does systemic mean?
Heart to body
Valves within the heart stop:
The backflow of blood
What is the equation for calculating blood flow?
cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
What is cardiac output?
The volume of blood that flows form the heart per minute
