geography! half T1!

Question 1

what is a meander?

Answer 1

the bend in a river.

Question 2

what is urbanisation?

Answer 2

the increasing percentage of people living in urban areas.

Question 3

what is erosion?

Answer 3

breaking down sediment and rock.

Question 4

what is deposition?

Answer 4

the build up of sediment and rock.

Question 5

what is deforestation?

Answer 5

cutting down trees in a forest.

Question 6

what does the term sustainable mean?

Answer 6

meeting the needs of today without damaging the needs of future generations.

Question 7

what does the term focus ( earthquake related ) mean?

Answer 7

where an earthquake starts underground.

Question 8

what is an epicentre?

Answer 8

the location on the surface of the Earth that is directly above where an earthquake starts.

Question 9

what is rain shadow?

Answer 9

an area getting low rainfall due to mountains blocking the rain.

Question 10

what is a drought?

Answer 10

an area getting less rainfall than average for the time of year.

Question 11

what is population density?

Answer 11

the amount of people in a given area.

Question 12

what does the term inequality mean?

Answer 12

some having more than others in an area.

Question 13

what does sparsely populated mean?

Answer 13

few people in a given area.

Question 14

what does densely populated mean?

Answer 14

many people in a given area.

Question 15

what is an advanced country ( AC )?

Answer 15

economically developed countries with higher living standards and high average incomes.

Question 16

what is an emerging developing country ( EDC )?

Answer 16

a country that is on the way to becoming an AC. They are often industrialising countries.

Question 17

what is a low income developing country ( LIDC )?

Answer 17

a poorer country, often with lower living standards and many people living in poverty.

Question 18

what are the 4 main Bolivia hazards?

Answer 18

landslides, drought, heatwaves and flooding.

Question 19

name some solutions towards the hazards in Bolivia:

Answer 19

1. divert snowmelt water in to reservoirs to store water in periods of drought.
2. afforestation - plant thousands of trees between the city and the mountains.
3. provide houses with water tanks to allow them to store water.
4. dredge ( the removal of sediments and debris in the bottom of lakes, rivers and other water bodies) the main river in La Paz.

Question 20

what was the Chile earthquake 1960?

Answer 20

In 1960, the strongest earthquake in recorded history struck the south American country of Chile. The earthquake was a 9.5 on the richter scale, and 12 on the mercalli scale, classifying it as a megaquake.

Question 21

what 3 responses did Chile implement after the earthquake?

Answer 21

1. a tsunami warning system - monitoring wave activity and communicating warnings to citizens.
2. spent millions on coastal defences - to better protect against tsunami waves.
3. new building were built with stronger, more reliable materials - replacing collapsed housing.

Question 22

4 impacts of the 1960 Chile earthquake:

Answer 22

7000 people lost their lives.
the cost of damages was estimated at $7 billion.
the earthquake triggered numerous landslides in the Andes.
tsunami waves travelled miles - flooding over 10 countries.

Question 23

what was one of the ways the population of Easter Island declined?

Answer 23

harsh climate

Question 24

why should Venezuela be a developed country?

Answer 24

it is a holder of lots of oil

Question 25

3 problems faced by people living in Venezuela?

Answer 25

1. poverty in Favelas 2. crime 3. cramped living

Question 26

why do people move to Rio De Janeiro?

Answer 26

job opportunities, services, better living standards etc.

Question 27

threats to the Amazon Rainforest:

Answer 27

deforestation, illegal logging, urbanisation, cattle ranching, road construction etc.

Question 28

2 animal adaptations in the TRF:

Answer 28

jaguars have: camouflage fur long tail for balance sloths can: turn heads 270 degrees to see predators good swimmers for TRF floods

Question 29

location of the Amazon:

Answer 29

Located mainly in Brazil, though spans across 8 countries. It is found on a band around the equator and is South of North America, and West of Africa.

Question 30

how does a meander become an ox bow lake?

Answer 30

erosion and deposition turns a bend into a meander. As this erosion and deposition still occurs, the meander bends more and more, causing the neck of the bend to become narrower. It soon turns into a very tight loop. When the water levels are really high, the river gains enough energy to go straight across the loop, rather than round it. The river keeps to its new channel, and leaves a ox-bow lake.