geography! half T3!

Question 1

what is a superpower?

Answer 1

A very powerful and influential nation.

Question 2

2 countries that are superpowers:

Answer 2

Russia
USA

Question 3

what is an oligarch?

Answer 3

a rich Russian business person who has migrated to London.

Question 4

2 reasons why Russians have migrated to London:

Answer 4

1. To invest in the city ( services, businesses etc)
2. To escape a communist country ( Russia )

Question 5

what are the characteristics of a superpower?

Answer 5

they are countries that are usually very wealthy, have a high level of spending on their military, hold a stock pile of nuclear weapons and have major influence around the world.

Question 6

advantages for London of Russians moving there:

Answer 6

1. Increases the diversity of London - including the availability of Russian shops / cuisine.
2. Increases the amount of tourists visiting from Russia, boosting the economy of London.
3. Many smart Russian immigrants move to London, boosting the advancements in technology and education in the city.

Question 7

disadvantages for london of Russians migrating there:

Answer 7

1. Increases house prices for local people as the Russian community in London are usually very wealthy.
2. Some of the money invested in London property by Russian oligarchs may be a form of illegal money laundering.
3. may increase the rate of homelessness, longer wait for healthcare as the London population is increasing massively.

Question 8

how big is Russia in square km?

Answer 8

17,100,000 km squared

Question 9

what is the population of Russia?

Answer 9

146 million

Question 10

what does sparsely populated mean?

Answer 10

few people living in a given area, usually defined by a number of people per square kilometer.

Question 11

what does densely populated mean?

Answer 11

many people living in a given area, usually defined by the number of people per square kilometer.

Question 12

what are 2 adaptations of the snowy owl and brown bear in the Tisha forest biome:

Answer 12

1. snowy owl : white feathers to blend in with the snow in winter.
2. brown bear : hibernate to survive the bitter winters.

Question 13

what are 2 adaptations of the coniferous trees in the taiga biome:

Answer 13

1. come shaped to shed heavy snowfall, preventing damage to the tree.
2. needles of coniferous trees are dark green and this helps to absorb sunlight.

Question 14

Give 3 examples of fossil fuels:

Answer 14

coal
oil
gas

Question 15

identify 3 types of renewable energy:

Answer 15

tidal
solar
wind

Question 16

what are greenhouse gases?

Answer 16

are gases in the earths atmosphere that trap heat.

Question 17

name 3 greenhouse gases:

Answer 17

methane
carbon dioxide
nitrous oxide

Question 18

what is the ring of fire?

Answer 18

a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.

Question 19

what type of volcano is the Kronotsky
volcano?

Answer 19

a stratovolcano

Question 20

what is a stratovolcano?

Answer 20

a volcano that has steep sides and are more cone-shaped than shield volcanoes.

Question 21

explain 4 ways that a volcanic eruption can be dangerous:

Answer 21

1. Ash clouds - can lead to shortness of sight for planes and people around the cloud, also pollutes the air with hit toxic gas.
2. debris avalanches + lava flows - can destroy anything in its path , including houses, trees and can burn / kill people.
3. falling ash + fumes - can cause chronic respiratory diseases.
4. pyroclastic flow - high temperatures and mobility can ignite fires and melt nearby snow and ice .

Question 22

3 factors that are causing population decline in Russia:

Answer 22

1. falling birth rate
2. high death rate
3. low levels of migration

Question 23

how are falling birth rate, high death rate and low levels of migration causing population decline in Russia?

Answer 23

falling birth rate - women in Russia only having on average on child. This is far lower than in the past and means that the population is not being replaced over time.
high death rate - because of the ageing population and falling birth rate, there is a higher death rate than other similar countries.
low levels of migration - because of the war in Ukraine and difficult living conditions in much of Russia, few people find Russia appealing to migrate to.

Question 24

why is nickel being mined in Russia?

Answer 24

because it is used for many things such as coins, jewellery etc and Russia can make a lot of profit from it.

Question 25

advantages of nickel mining in norilsk:

Answer 25

1. Factories provide jobs 2. economically good for Russia as nickel is a valuable resource and can be transported around the world. 3. supports a wide range of industries that use nickel.

Question 26

disadvantages of nickel mining in norilsk:

Answer 26

1. produces co2 from the mining and may kill animals nearby. 2. pollutes air near the factories - in nearby towns and villages. ( can give workers bad respiratory health ) 3. Company disposes of toxic residues in the natural environment around norilsk - bad for the environment and people.

Question 27

advantages of nuclear power:

Answer 27

1. Is a clean form of energy, and does not directly contribute greenhouse gases to our atmosphere. 2. nuclear power is reliable regardless of weather conditions. 3. can create jobs for people building of working in nuclear power stations.

Question 28

disadvantages of nuclear power:

Answer 28

1. Nuclear waste is highly toxic for years. 2. It is very expensive to safely store and use nuclear power and its toxic materials. 3. nuclear disasters such as the Chernobyl disaster killed thousands and caused many people to move away / homelessness.