Biology - Homeostasis and response Flashcards
Cerebral cortex
Consciousness/intelligence/memory/language
Cerebellum
Control fine movement of muscles, located at the back
Medulla
Controls unconscious actions such as breathing, heart rate, found in brain stem
Myopia
Short-sightedness - lense is to curved so ditance objects appear blurry
Hyperopia
Long -sightedness, less is too flat, cannot refract light enough
Response to high body temp
Vasodilation - Shunt vessel constricts, capillaries dilate
Sweat (evopartes increasing energy transfer)
Response to low body temp
Vasoconstriction - Shunt vessel dilates, capillaries constrict
Shivering of skeletal muscles to provide energy through respiration
No sweating
Hair stand on end to create insulating layer of heat
Response to high glucose
Insulin secreted by liver, binds to target organs ie. muscles/liver, causes glucose to move from blood into muscle for rewspitartion, excess glucose - glycogen, stored in liver.
Response to low glucose
Glucagon released, binds to liver cells and breaks down glycogen into glucose, released into the blood
Response to low/water water level
Secreted via pituitary gland, travel from bloodstream to kidney tubules, increases permeability, more water moves from tubules to bloodstream, results in smaller/concentrated urine. If high water, less ADH secreted
Response to required adrenaline
Released by adrenal glands (top of kidney)
Increases BPM+heart rate, more oxygen+glucose to brain and muscles for respiration
Glycogen converted
Pupils dilate for more light
Blood flow to muscles increased
Blood flow to digestive system increased
Plant phototropism for light/gravity
Plant exposed to light on one side, auxin moves to other side and stimulates cell growth, causes shoot to bend towards light/gravity = auxin on lower side (if plant horizontal), causes plant to bend upwards (positive graphotrophism), opposite for roots, grow more on side with less auxin.
Gibberlin
Stimulate seed germination, promotes flowering, increases fruit size
Ethene
Causes cell division and fruits to ripen. Fruit transported when not ripe, means fruit is firm and less viable to damage. When needed to be sold, treated with ethene + warm conditions to stimulate enzymes, reduces food waste
Auxin
Weed killer - weed grows so rapidly it dies
Rooting powder - desirable plant have cutting remove, placed in ground with auxin, plant/roots grows rapidly
Also used in tissue culture, tissue taken and put in growth medium (agar) with lots of nutrients with auxin, grows rapidly
