Biology EXAM

Question 1

Define homeostasis

Answer 1

physiological state of the body despite fluctuations in the external environment

Question 2

Define steady state

Answer 2

Is the constant level of an organisms internal environment

Question 3

Negative feedback

Answer 3

When the response feeds back and counter reacts the change in the variable. Example: body temp

Question 4

Positive feedback

Answer 4

Increases the deviation from an idea normal value. Example: child birth

Question 5

Hypothermia

Answer 5

Occurs when a person is suddenly exposed to extreme cold.

Question 6

Hypothyroidism

Answer 6

Condition in which there is an overbundance in thyroid hormone production

Question 7

Diabetes

Answer 7

Is a condition which blood glucose levels are too high

Question 8

Hyperglycaemia

Answer 8

A condition where glucose levels in the blood rise above normal

Question 9

Hypoglycaemia

Answer 9

Where glucose levels in the blood drop below normal

Question 10

Structural adaptions

Answer 10

Features of the shape and structure of the organism that helps it to survive it’s environment

Question 11

Behavioural adaptions

Answer 11

Behaviours undertaken by an organism that’s helps it survive

Question 12

Physiological adaptions

Answer 12

Features of the organisms internal physiology eg: body temp

Question 13

Eukaryotes

Answer 13

A cell which has a nucleus

Example:

Question 14

Prokaryotes

Answer 14

Unicellular, has no organised nucleus

Example: DNA

Question 15

Function of mitochondria

Answer 15

Produces energy through cellular respiration

Question 16

Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

Transports and stores proteins

Question 17

Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

Creates lipids and fats

Question 18

Function of ribosomes

Answer 18

Creates proteins

Question 19

Function of chloroplast

Answer 19

Creates glucose

Question 20

Function of Golgi apparatus

Answer 20

Packages and releases proteins and lipids

Question 21

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 21

Where all chemicals take place

Question 22

Function of centrioles

Answer 22

Cellular division and reproduction

Question 23

Function of red blood cells

Answer 23

Carries oxygen and glucose

Question 24

Function of vacuole

Answer 24

Contains water and food

Question 25

Function of cell membrane

Answer 25

Controls Inputs and outputs, protects it from its surroundings

Question 26

Function of the nucleus

Answer 26

Controls growth and reproduction, control centre

Question 27

Function of lysomes

Answer 27

Contains hydrolytic enzymes for digestion

Question 28

Function of vesicles

Answer 28

Move proteins, lipids and carbohydrates

Question 29

Function of lipids

Answer 29

Attached to proteins

Question 30

Difference between an animal and plant cell

Answer 30

Is that their is no cell wall and chloroplast in an animal cell but it is in a plant cell

Question 31

Unicellular organism

Answer 31

The body of the organism is composed of a single cell

Question 32

Multicellular organism

Answer 32

The body of the organism is composed of numerous cells

Question 33

Surface to volume ratio

Answer 33

The smaller the size of the area the bigger the surface area to volume ratio is

Question 34

Cell membrane function

Answer 34

The plasma membrane forms an outer shell boundary of the living compartment of every cell

Question 35

Osmosis

Answer 35

A case of diffusion that relates to the movement of solvents in biological systems

Question 36

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 36

Is protein medicated transport, it dissolves substances required in the action of protein

Question 37

Simple diffusion

Answer 37

Is the movement of substances across the phospholipid layer from a region of high concentration to low concentration

Question 38

Isotonic

Answer 38

Having the same concentration of dissolved substances as the solution

Question 39

Hypertonic

Answer 39

Having higher concentration of dissolved substances than the solution to which it is compared

Question 40

Hypotonic

Answer 40

Having lower concentration of dissolved substances

Question 41

Aerobic respiration

Answer 41

Can only occur in the presence of oxygen in the mitochondria

Question 42

Aerobic respiration chemical equation

Answer 42

Glucose - oxygen - carbon dioxide - water - energy

Question 43

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 43

Occurs in the absence of oxygen in the cytoplasm

Question 44

Anaerobic respiration chemical equation

Answer 44

Glucose - lactic acid - Energy

Question 45

Adaptations

Answer 45

Features that appear to equip an organism for survival in a particular habitat