Biology Exam 1 Flashcards by Haley Thompson

What is the structure of a plasma membrane?

Lipid Bilayer

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What are the functions of a plasma membrane?

Act as a boundary between cell and environment.
Control movement of molecule in and out of cells.

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What is the structure of a nucleus?

Membrane bilayer
Connected to the ER
Nuclear pores for passage in and out

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What is the function of the nucleus?

Contains DNA

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What is the structure of chloroplast?

Has an outer membrane, inner membrane, thylakoid membrane and cpDNA (its own DNA).

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What is the function of chloroplasts?

Site of photosynthesis

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What is the structure of mitochondria?

Has an outer membrane, inner membrane, and mtDNA.

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What is the function of mitochondria?

Site of ATP production.

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What is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Membrane channels throughout cytoplasm with a budding vesicle delivery system.

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What is the function of the rough ER and smooth ER?

Rough ER - protein synthesis
Smooth ER - lipid synthesis

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What is the structure of a ribosome?

has no membrane

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What is the function of a ribosome?

synthesizes proteins

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What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

Stacks of membrane sacks with a budding vesicle delivery system.

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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

protein modification and vesicle delivery system

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What are the three types of cytoskeleton filaments and their functions?

Actin- shape, strength, and movement
Microtubules- intracellular movement of vesicles, mitosis, and flagella
Intermediate Filaments- cell junctions

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What is the function of a lysosome?

degrades waste products

What is the function of a lysosome?

degrade waste products

When were the first cells seen by Robert Hooke?

1665

Do prokaryotes have a nucleus?

Do prokaryotes have organelles?

No, but they have ribosomes.

Are prokaryotes multicellular?

What is the DNA structure of a prokaryote?

Circular

What type of cell division method do prokaryotes use?

binary fission

Do eukaryotes have a nucleus and organelles?

yes

Are eukaryotes multicellular?

yes

What type of DNA structure do eukaryotes have?

linear

What type of cell division method do eukaryotes use?

mitosis

What are the types of lipids?

triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids

What are the functions of lipids?

Membranes, thermal insulation, and long term storage.

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate and what is the polymer?

Monomer - monosaccaride Polymer - polysaccaride

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

energy source and short-term storage

What is the monomer of a protein and the polymer?

monomer - amino acid polymer- polypeptide

What is the function of proteins?

various functions

What is the polymer and monomer of nucleic acids.

monomer - nucleotide polymer - polynucleotide

What is the function of nucleic acids?

stores genetic information

How can you identify each macromolecule based on its structure?

Lipids - has tail Carbohydrates - hexagonal ring structure Proteins - t shape and contains nitrogen Nucleic Acids - 3 parts and contains nitrogen and phosphorus

What is a polar molecule?

An unevenly charged molecule and one side is positive while the other is negative.

What is the difference between plant and animal cell structure?

plants cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts