Biology Exam 1

Question 1

Define biology

Answer 1

the study of life

Question 2

What do all life forms share?

Answer 2

DNA, cells, evolutionary forces

Question 3

What are the 8 organisms classified in?

Answer 3

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 4

Define Zoology

Answer 4

the study of animals

Question 5

Are sponges animals?

Answer 5

yes!

Question 6

U.S. Endangered Species Act

Answer 6

1973, protects animals in danger of extinction

Question 7

Define endangered species

Answer 7

imminent danger of extinction throughout its range

Question 8

Define threatened species

Answer 8

likely to become endangered in the future

Question 9

Define radial symmetry

Answer 9

any plane passing through the central axis divides the animal into mirror images

Question 10

Define bilateral symmetry

Answer 10

only 1 plane passing lengthwise along the central axis creates a mirror image

Question 11

Define diploblastic

Answer 11

body parts organized into layers derived from 2 embryonic tissues

Question 12

Blind-sac body plan is?

Answer 12

body layout in which the mouth is the only permanent opening

Question 13

What is triploblastic?

Answer 13

tissues derived from 3 embryological layers

Question 14

Define triploblastic acoelomate

Answer 14

tissues derived from mesoderm, solid mass of cells, with no true body cavity

Question 15

Define triploblastic pseudocoelomate

Answer 15

body cavity is not entirely lined by mesoderm, false body cavity

Question 16

Define triploblastic coelomate

Answer 16

body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm, true body cavity

Question 17

What separates protostomes from deuterostomes?

Answer 17

protostomes have spiral and determinate cleavage, while deuterostomes have radial and inter determinate cleavage

Question 18

Define determinate cleavage

Answer 18

each cell in the blastula will become something, which was determined very early in the cell’s life

Question 19

Define intermediate cleavage

Answer 19

fate of each cell is determined much later in the cells life

Question 20

What category of protostomes molt, and which do not?

Answer 20

Ecdysozoan animals molt, Lophotrochozoan animals don’t

Question 21

How are protostomes categorized, and how have they been previously?

Answer 21

Used to be type of coelom, now is molting or not

Question 22

Define organic evolution

Answer 22

organisms change over time due to selective forces

Question 23

Describe Jean Baptiste Lamarck’s theory

Answer 23

Theory of inheritance and acquired characteristics says that species are not constant and existing species are derived from pre-existing species

Question 24

Define allopatric speciation

Answer 24

occurs when populations are separated by geographical barriers

Question 25

Define sympatric speciation

Answer 25

gradual differences or other factors lead to a new species

Question 26

Define Phyletic Gradualism

Answer 26

evolutionary change is gradual, slow, and constant

Question 27

Define punctuated equilibrium

Answer 27

evolution occurs rapidly followed by stability with little change

Question 28

Describe protozoa

Answer 28

domain eukarya, polyphyletic, includes animals, plants, and fungi, unicellular

Question 29

Define ectoplasm

Answer 29

thick, clear, and firm

Question 30

What is endoplasm?

Answer 30

granular fluid

Question 31

Define cytopharynx

Answer 31

specialized region similar to a mouth

Question 32

How to protozoa move?

Answer 32

flagellum, cilia, or pseudopodia

Question 33

How do protozoa reproduce?

Answer 33

Asexual- binary fission | Sexual- zygotic meiosis

Question 34

Define conjugation

Answer 34

mutual exchange of micronuclei in a complex meiosis/mitosis process

Question 35

Describe Phylum Porifera

Answer 35

Sponges, aquatic (marine), 9000 species, asymmetrical, no true tissues

Question 36

What are the 3 forms of sponges?

Answer 36

Ascon (least complex), sycon, leucon (most complex)

Question 37

How do sponges reproduce?

Answer 37

they are monoecious, so they can release sperm and egg cells, some can also do asexual from fragmentation, regeneration, and gemmules

Question 38

Describe phylum cnidaria

Answer 38

jellyfish, hydra, anemones, and corals, 9000 species, marine, radial or biradial, can be poisonous

Question 39

Define aposematism

Answer 39

dangerous or noxious organisms advertise to potential predators (like bright colored frogs)

Question 40

Gastrovascular cavity

Answer 40

blind sac body plan, cavity with a single opening, basically a mouth and anus

Question 41

Define cnidocytes

Answer 41

used for defense, feeding, and attachment, not all sting

Question 42

Nematocysts

Answer 42

discharge tubes armed with spines and toxins or sticky structure to pull in prey

Question 43

Cnidaria body forms are:

Answer 43

polyp- asexual and sessile | medusa- dioecious and free-swimming, tentacles go down

Question 44

Define hydrostatic skeletion

Answer 44

water-filled cavity gives body shape and support

Question 45

Triploblastic classification

Answer 45

protostomes, primitive | deuterostomes, advanced

Question 46

Name the 5 phyla

Answer 46

acoelomorpha, Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, gastrotrichs, and cycliophora

Question 47

Describe Acoelomorpha

Answer 47

small, flattened, marine worms, fee-living, asexual and monoecious

Question 48

Describe flatworms

Answer 48

flattened, unsegmented, organ systems, blind body sac

Question 49

Describe turbellariia

Answer 49

Planarians, 3000 species, eye spots, free-living, osmoregulation, flame cells

Question 50

Monogenea

Answer 50

1000 species, aquatic, ectoparasites of fish

Question 51

Trematoba

Answer 51

10000 species, parasitic, attach with 2 suckers

Question 52

Tapeworms

Answer 52

3500 species, highly specialized, absorb nutrients through body wall

Question 53

Nemertea

Answer 53

Proboscis or ribbon worms, 900 species, free-living, marine, complete digestive tract, dioecious

Question 54

What is the importance of surface area?

Answer 54

more surface area = more efficient filtration and processing

Question 55

Describe gastrotrichs

Answer 55

cilia, forked tail, 500 aquatic species, acoelomate, monoecious, no larval stage

Question 56

Cycliophora

Answer 56

symbions, most recently described phylum, mouth of lobsters