Abnormal Psych Exam 2 (Chapters 6-11) Flashcards
what is the most common type of abnormal behavior?
anxiety disorders
what are phobias?
persistent, irrational, narrowly defined fears that are associated with a specific situation/object
what percent of people with major depression also have an anxiety disorder?
60%
perception of controllability
those who feel that can control events in their environment are less likely to show symptoms of anxiety
catastrophic misinterpretation
panic attacks are precipitated by internal stimuli which may be interpreted as a catastrophic event
neurobiology pathway 1
thalamus>amygdala>fight or flight> endocrine glands> autonomic nervous system
neurobiology pathway 2
thalamus> visual cortex> amygdala
traumatic stress
an event that involves actual or threatened death, serious injury, sexual violence, witnessing others experience trauma, learning that loved ones have been traumatized, or repeatedly exposed to details of trauma
Acute Stress DIsorder
ASD occurs within a month after exposure
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
PTSD lasts longer than one month, sometimes has a delayed onset
risk for PTSD depends on what factors?
preparedness, purpose, and absence of blame
Dissociative Identity Disorder
DID 2 or more personalities coexist within a single individual
depersonalization
people feel detached from themselves
derealization
symptom involves feelings of unreality/detachment from the environment
dissociative amnesia
partial or complete loss of recall for particular event or period of time
Somatic Symptom Disorder
physical symptoms are prominent and are accompanied by impairing psychological stress
personality
enduring patterns of thinking and behavior that define the person and distinguish them from others
cluster A
paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorder
paranoid personality disorder
pervasive tendency to be inappropriately suspicious of others’ motive and behavior
schizoid personality disorder
pervasive patterns of indifference to other people, coupled with diminished range of emotional experience and expression
schizotypal personality disorder
centers around peculiar behaviors rather than emotional restriction and social withdrawal
cluster b
antisocial, boderline, histrionic, and narcissistic
antisocial personality
persistent pattern of irresponsible and antisocial behavior that begins during childhood or adolescence
boderline personality
pervasive pattern of instability in mood and interpersonal relationships
histrionic personality
pervasive pattern of emotionality and attention seeking behavior
narcissistic personality
pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and inability to empathize with others
cluster c
avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive disorder
avoidant personality disorder
pervasive pattern of social discomfort, fear of negative evaluation, and timidity
dependent personality
pervasive pattern of submissive and clingy behaviors
obsessive compulsive disorder
pervasive pattern of orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal inflexibility
substance use disorders
maladaptive behaviors that are related to the continued use of drugs
addiction
process by which substance use disorder is manifesting (is not required to have a problem)
psychoactive substances
chemicals that alter mood, level of perception, or brain functioning
depressants
alcohol and hypnotics
sedatives/anxiolytics
relieve anxiety
CNS stimulants
illegal drugs meth, coke, nicotine
narcotic analgesics
clinical pain reducers
cannabinoids
produce euphoria and an altered sense of time
craving
forced urge to use drugs
tolerance
process through which the nervous system becomes less sensitive to the effects of drugs abuse
withdrawal
symptoms experienced when person stops using a drug
temporal disintegration
a condition in which people have trouble retaining and organizing information
what are the most common disorders associated with substance abuse?
antisocial, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders
short-term effects of alcohol
slurred speech, lack of coordination, unsteady gait, nystagmus, impaired attention or memory, and stupor or coma
long-term effects of alcohol
disruption of relationships with family/friends, blackouts, interfere with job performance, problems with legal authorities, disrupt functions of organ systems, nutritional disturbance, injury and premature death
short-term effects of tobacco
increased heart rate and blood pressure, moods
long-term effects of tobacco
lung cancer
short-term effects of amphetamines and cocaine
increase heart rate and blood pressure, dilates blood vessels and air passages, suppress appetite and prevent sleep, sexual disfunction, irregular heartbeat, convulsions, coma, and death
long-term effects of amphetamines and cocaine
psychosis, can increase violence
short-term effects of opiates
dreamlike euphoria, nausea and vomiting, constricts pupils, disrupt digestive system
long-term effects
lethargy
short-term effects of sedatives
intoxication, impaired judgement, slowness of speech, lack of coordination, a narrowed range of attention, and disinhibition of sexual and aggressive impulses
long-term effects of sedatives
discontinuance syndrome
short-term effects of cannabis
pleasant high, effects mood, temporal disintegration
long-term effects of cannabis
tolerance, performance deficits
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
causes violent illness if alcohol is consumed
Naltrexone (Revia)
dampens cravings
