Biology: Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the blood in a closed circulatory system?

A

confined to vessels only

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2
Q

Where is blood in an open circulatory system?

A

blood pumped into cavity, not confined to blood vessels

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3
Q

What are the two types of circulatory system?

A

-open -closed

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4
Q

What are the two forms of a closed circulatory system?

A

-single -double

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5
Q

What does a single circulatory system consist of?

A

a heart with two chambers

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6
Q

How does blood flow in a single circulatory system?

A

blood flows through heart ONCE for every circuit of the body

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7
Q

What does a double circulatory system consist of?

A

a heart with four chambers

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8
Q

How does blood flow in a double circulatory system?

A

blood flows through heart TWICE for every circuit of the body

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9
Q

What vessels provide the heart with its own blood supply?

A

coronary arteries

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10
Q

Outline the structure of the blood vessel system

A

-arteries branch into arterioles -arterioles form network throughout body -arterioles branch into capillaries -capillary networks in tissue form capillary bed -capillaries pass blood into venules -venules join to veins

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11
Q

What is the function of the smooth muscle layer in blood vessels?

A

contracts to control blood flow

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12
Q

What is the function of the elastic layer in blood vessels?

A

allows vessels to stretch and recoil

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13
Q

What is the function of the endothelium in blood vessels?

A

smooth inner lining which reduces friction

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14
Q

Where do arteries carry blood?

A

away from the heart

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15
Q

How are arteries structured?

A

-narrow lumen, high pressure -thick muscular walls and elastic layer for stretch, recoil and high pressure -endothelium folded for stretching and maintaining high pressure

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16
Q

Where do veins carry blood?

A

towards the heart

17
Q

How are veins structured?

A

-wide lumen, low pressure -thin muscular walls and elastic layers -valves to prevent back flow
-skeletal muscles contract, veins compress to increase pressure

18
Q

What are capillaries the site of?

A

substance exchange within cells

19
Q

How are capillaries adapted to their function?

A

-close to cells, short diffusion distance -one cell thick, short diffusion distance
-fenestrations between endothelial allows substances to diffuse out -many capillaries, increase surface area -small diameter, slow red blood cells and increase diffusion time