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Semester 1 College > Biology Chp. 3 > Flashcards

Biology Chp. 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Organic Molecules
VS.
Inorganic Molecules

A

Organic Molecules Contain Carbon and Hydrogen VS.
Inorganic Molecules that do NOT contain Carbon and Hydrogen

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2
Q

Carbon Atoms have how many electrons in and out of their shell?

A

Total of 6 electrons 2 on the first and 4 on the outer shell

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3
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Chains of carbon Atoms bonded only to Hydrogen atoms

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4
Q

Isomers

A

Molecules with different structures but same number of Atoms

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5
Q

Carbon chain of an organic molecule can be called:

A

Skeleton or back bone because it accounts for its shape

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6
Q

Function Group Examples

A

Hydroxyl: Alcohol and Sugar
Carboxyl: Amino Acides and fatty acids
Amino: Amino Acids, and Proteins
Sulfhydryl: Amnio acids, Cystene, Proteins
Phosphate: ATP, Nucleic Acids

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7
Q

Digestion breaks down which biological molecules into subunits to build macromolecules making up our body

A

Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

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8
Q

Monomer

A

Small molecule that is a sub unit of a polymer

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9
Q

Glucose is a _____ of starch

A

Monomer of Starch

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10
Q

A Polypeptide is a polymer of _____ called _______

A

Monomers called Amino Acids

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11
Q

Dehydration Synthesis Reaction

A

Most common type of chemical reaction used to build a polymer from a group of monomers

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12
Q

Hydrolysis Reaction

A

Splitting of a compound by addition of water
* used to break bonds into a polymer

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13
Q

Carbohydrates are classified as….

A

Monosaccharides, Polysaccharides, and Disacchrilds

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14
Q

Monosaccharides
( classification of Carbohydrates )

A

Single or simple sugar
i.e. C6H12O6 ( energy source for cells )

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15
Q

Disaccharides
( classification of carbohydrates )

A

2 monosachharides bonded together
I.e Maltose/Fermonaton

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16
Q

Polysaccarides
( classification of Carbohydrates )

A

Energy storage
Plants: Glucose as a Starch
Animals: Glucose as Glycogen

17
Q

Lipids

A

All hydrophobic and insoluble in water, Store energy, Cell structure
i.e Fats and oils

18
Q

Fatty Acids are _______

A

Unsaturated, contains a hydrocarbon chain that ends with a carboxyl group ( Amino Acids and Fatty acids )

19
Q

Phospholipids are the bulk of the _______

A

Plasma Membrane, on end polar other end nonpolar

20
Q

Steroids
( Part of lipids in cells )

A

Lipids made of 4 fused rings
i.e estrogen, cholestoral

21
Q

Proteins functions
( part of lipids )

A

Metabolism, support, transport, regulation
* Made of amino Acids monomers

22
Q

Peptides

A

2 or more amino Acids linked a dehydration synthesis rxn between the Carboxyl group ( Amino and Fatty acids )

23
Q

Primary structure of proteins
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

A

Primary Structure Amino Acid sequence
Secondary portions of chain forms helices ( spiral or stairs )
Tertiary 3D of secondary
Quantenary more than 1 polypeptide chain interaction

24
Q

Polymers of Nucleotide monomers

A

Phosphate, 5 carbon sugars, nitrogen containing bases ( Adenine, Guanine, Cytosire, Thymine, and Uracil ( RNA only ) )

25
Q

Sequence of Amino Acids determine_____

A

Determine Protein structure and function

26
Q

Sequence of bases in DNA determine______

A

Determine sequence of Amino Acids in proteins

27
Q

Small changes in _____ cause large changes in ______

A

Small changes in DNA cause large changes in Proteins

28
Q

Bases Pairs of A,G,T,C

A

AT CG

29
Q

RNA bases

A

Uracil instead of Thymine

30
Q

What shape are Red Blood Cells

A

RBC are circles

31
Q

Sickle cell disease RBC

A

Crescent shaped RBC with 1 amino acid difference

32
Q

Saturated fats are _____ bonds

A

Saturated fats are single bonds

33
Q

Unsaturated fats are _____ bonds

A

Unsaturated fats are double bonds

34
Q

Trans Fats have H atoms on which side of the double bond?

A

Hydrogen atoms are on both sides

35
Q

Amino Group on one side

A

Amino group is a functional group consisting of a single nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms with Caroblox on other end

36
Q

Cell structure includes:

A

Ribosome
DNA/RNA
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane

37
Q

Atom Structure includes:

A

C,H,O,N ( 96 % )

38
Q

Molecule structure includes:

A

Carbs
lipids
proteins
DNA/RNA

39
Q

4 electrons of Covalent Bonds

A

C
H
O
N

Semester 1 College (5 decks)

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