Biology Chp. 3 Flashcards
Organic Molecules
VS.
Inorganic Molecules
Organic Molecules Contain Carbon and Hydrogen VS.
Inorganic Molecules that do NOT contain Carbon and Hydrogen
Carbon Atoms have how many electrons in and out of their shell?
Total of 6 electrons 2 on the first and 4 on the outer shell
Hydrocarbons
Chains of carbon Atoms bonded only to Hydrogen atoms
Isomers
Molecules with different structures but same number of Atoms
Carbon chain of an organic molecule can be called:
Skeleton or back bone because it accounts for its shape
Function Group Examples
Hydroxyl: Alcohol and Sugar
Carboxyl: Amino Acides and fatty acids
Amino: Amino Acids, and Proteins
Sulfhydryl: Amnio acids, Cystene, Proteins
Phosphate: ATP, Nucleic Acids
Digestion breaks down which biological molecules into subunits to build macromolecules making up our body
Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
Monomer
Small molecule that is a sub unit of a polymer
Glucose is a _____ of starch
Monomer of Starch
A Polypeptide is a polymer of _____ called _______
Monomers called Amino Acids
Dehydration Synthesis Reaction
Most common type of chemical reaction used to build a polymer from a group of monomers
Hydrolysis Reaction
Splitting of a compound by addition of water
* used to break bonds into a polymer
Carbohydrates are classified as….
Monosaccharides, Polysaccharides, and Disacchrilds
Monosaccharides
( classification of Carbohydrates )
Single or simple sugar
i.e. C6H12O6 ( energy source for cells )
Disaccharides
( classification of carbohydrates )
2 monosachharides bonded together
I.e Maltose/Fermonaton
Polysaccarides
( classification of Carbohydrates )
Energy storage
Plants: Glucose as a Starch
Animals: Glucose as Glycogen
Lipids
All hydrophobic and insoluble in water, Store energy, Cell structure
i.e Fats and oils
Fatty Acids are _______
Unsaturated, contains a hydrocarbon chain that ends with a carboxyl group ( Amino Acids and Fatty acids )
Phospholipids are the bulk of the _______
Plasma Membrane, on end polar other end nonpolar
Steroids
( Part of lipids in cells )
Lipids made of 4 fused rings
i.e estrogen, cholestoral
Proteins functions
( part of lipids )
Metabolism, support, transport, regulation
* Made of amino Acids monomers
Peptides
2 or more amino Acids linked a dehydration synthesis rxn between the Carboxyl group ( Amino and Fatty acids )
Primary structure of proteins
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Primary Structure Amino Acid sequence
Secondary portions of chain forms helices ( spiral or stairs )
Tertiary 3D of secondary
Quantenary more than 1 polypeptide chain interaction
Polymers of Nucleotide monomers
Phosphate, 5 carbon sugars, nitrogen containing bases ( Adenine, Guanine, Cytosire, Thymine, and Uracil ( RNA only ) )
Sequence of Amino Acids determine_____
Determine Protein structure and function
Sequence of bases in DNA determine______
Determine sequence of Amino Acids in proteins
Small changes in _____ cause large changes in ______
Small changes in DNA cause large changes in Proteins
Bases Pairs of A,G,T,C
AT CG
RNA bases
Uracil instead of Thymine
What shape are Red Blood Cells
RBC are circles
Sickle cell disease RBC
Crescent shaped RBC with 1 amino acid difference
Saturated fats are _____ bonds
Saturated fats are single bonds
Unsaturated fats are _____ bonds
Unsaturated fats are double bonds
Trans Fats have H atoms on which side of the double bond?
Hydrogen atoms are on both sides
Amino Group on one side
Amino group is a functional group consisting of a single nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms with Caroblox on other end
Cell structure includes:
Ribosome
DNA/RNA
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Atom Structure includes:
C,H,O,N ( 96 % )
Molecule structure includes:
Carbs
lipids
proteins
DNA/RNA
4 electrons of Covalent Bonds
C
H
O
N
