Biology 1-2 Flashcards
Define Biology
Study of living organisms
What characteristics do all living things share
1 Cellular Organization,
2 Reproduction,
3 Growth,
4 Adaptation,
5 Homeostasis
Classification of living things
( 5 kingdoms )
Animals
Plant
Fungi
Protist
Organization of life ( Starts with Atoms )
Atom
Molecule
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
Producers ( Autotrophs )
Capture energy and produce food by photosynthesis
Consumers ( Heterotrophs )
Need food provided for them to survive (us)
Decomposers
Energy from dead
Photosynthesis
Food from sun
Homeostasis
Stable body heat even when the weather is different
first ancestral cells
Prokaryotic cells ( Bacteria and Archea )
Eukeryotic cells
Protists ( Close to us )
Plants
Fungi
Animals
9 Classification categories
Least to Most
Species
Genus
Family
Order
class
phylum
kingdom
supergroup
domain
Autotrophs Use/Need
Photosynthesis
Chemeostasis
Matter
Anything that takes up space
(solid,liquid,gas)
identify the most important elements in living organisms
C, H, N, O, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Structure of Atoms
Extremely small, positively charged neucleus, surrounded by negative electrons
Subatomic Particles
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Proton ( +,-, 0 ? )
+ in nucleus
Neutron ( +,-,0?)
0 in neucleus of Atoms
Electron (+,-,0?)
- orbits the nucleus of Atoms
How does the arragnment of electrons determine an elements reactivity ( Chem Reaction )
Atoms with incomplete Valance shells are typically more reactive
Stable Isotopes
Stable isotopes are non-radioactive forms of atoms
Radioisotopes
Unstable forms of an element
Atoms v Molecules v Compounds
Molecules = 2 or more atoms of the same type connected
Compound = 2 or more atoms from different elements and join together
Atom = Smallest unit of matter, with all properties of its element
Ionic Chemical Bonds
Link between 2 atoms caused by electrostatic force between oppositily charged ions ( High Polarity ) ( Attract Opposite )
Covalent
Link between 2 atoms or ions where electron pairs are shared between them ( Low Polarity ) ( Share electrons to complete outer shell )
Hydrogen bonds
A weak bond between two molecules resulting in an attraction from one proton, one molecule and one atom
factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions
Concentration of the reactants
Temperature
Physical state of reactants
Prescence of a catalyst
light
Why are the properties of water important to life
Thermal Properties
Ability to be universal solvent
Cohesion and Adhesion
Importance of the Hydrogen bonds to water
Because of Hydrogen Bonds water can support objects more dense than it
Acid
Make Hydrogen Ions ( 0-6 )
Bases
Take Hydrogen Ions
( 8-14 )
pH scale
acid
basic
neutral
acid = -7
basic = +7
basic = 0
Purpose of the buffer
Solution resistant to pH change
Neutralize small amount of added acid or base to maintain the pH of the solution relatively stable
Water disasociates into an ______ number of Hydrogen Ions
Equal Number of Hydrogen ions
Phospholipids look like
Two legs
Triglycerides look like
3 legs
Where does the body store Cholesteral
The liver
Soluble Fiber
Lower blood sugar
Full longer
Insoluble Fiber
Colon Health
Prevents constipation
Starch is made of
Polysaccharides which have many glucose bonded together
What part of us has the highest ATP requirements
Our brain and muscles
C6H12O6+O2
Mitochondrion
CO2+H20+ATP
Muscle cell
Cellular respiration
Converts energy in food into the energy stored in ATP
