Biology Chapter One Flashcards
Magnification
Magnification is when something appears larger when viewed through a lens.
Resolution
Resolution is when you can tell two or more different specimens apart from each other.
Organism
An organism is the scientific term for a living thing.
Nucleus
The nucleus controls the cell it is in. It contains some genetic material which is needed to make new cells.
Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is a jelly like consistency. It is where chemical reactions take place in a cell.
Cell membrane
The cell membrane is the outer layer of an animal cell (second outer layer of a plant cell). It controls what comes in and out of the cell.
Mitochondria
The mitochondria is where respiration happens. Respiration is how we get energy.
MRS GREN
MRS GREN stands for movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion and nutrition.
Cell Wall
This is the outer layer of a plant cell. This makes the cell stronger and it provides support. It is made out of a tough fibre (cellulose) which makes the cell ridged.
Vacuole
The vacuole contain a watery liquid called cell sap this liquid keeps the cell firm.
Chloroplast
The chloroplasts is where photosynthesis happens. Chloroplasts contains a substance called chlorophyll this traps energy transferred from the sun.
Microscope
A microscope is an object that magnifies the specimen you are viewing under it
Specimen
Specimen is a sample of something. Specimen can be viewed under a microscope.
Slide
A slide is what you put your specimen on when viewing it under a microscope.
Cell
Cells are the microscopic building blocks organisms are made of.
Unicellular organisms
Unicellular organisms are organisms with only one cell in them hence the name “unicellular”.
Specialised cell
A specialised cell is an adapted cell made specifically to do one job. For example a white blood cell tries to kill off any infection you get.
Nerve cell adaptations
Nerve cells have a long tail so it can swim through the organism easily. Nerve cells have dendrites at each end, this means the can connect with other nerve cells to send messages around the cell.
Egg cell adaptations
Egg cells have the same sort of features as normal cells accept it has a different job. That job is to connect with sperm and then to reproduce.
Sperm cell adaptations
The sperm cell have lots of mitochondria
Root hair adaptations
Root hair cells have a big surface area for absorbing nutrients and water. They have no chloroplasts because there is no sunlight underground. This means they do not do photosynthesis.
Multicellular
Multicellular means that an organism is made up of more than one cell. The opposite of unicellular.
Red blood cell adaptations
Red blood cells are unlike most other cells; they don’t have a nucleus. They are a disk like shape which increases its surface area for carrying oxygen.
Diffusion
Diffusion is when particles move from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration.
Rate of diffusion
The rate of diffusion is how fast or slow particles diffuse.
Binary fission
Binary fission is how unicellular organisms reproduce. The cell slowly multiplies everything in the cell and then once it has done that it will split in two.
Excretion
In organisms or cells getting rid of waste matter.
