Biology Chapter 7

Question 0

Who was first to find cells?

Answer 0

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 1

What is the structure that makes up all living things?

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

What did Robert Hooke describe cells as?

Answer 2

Tiny, empty rooms

Question 3

Who concluded that all plants are made of cells? Animals?

Answer 3

Plants- Matthias Schleiden

Question 4

Who concluded that cells divide to reproduce?

Answer 4

Rudolph Virchow

Question 5

What makes up the cell theory?

Answer 5

1. All living things have cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
3. New cells are produced from existing cells

Question 6

What makes electron microscopes able to scan in so much more detail?

Answer 6

Small wavelengths

Question 7

What is a prokaryote? Give an example.

Answer 7

Organisms with no nuclei

Ex: Bacteria

Question 8

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 8

Organisms with nuclei

Question 9

What is an organelle?

Answer 9

Structures that are like specialized units in eukaryotic cells.

Question 10

True or false: Only plant cells have chloroplasts and cell walls.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What does the nucleus contain that instructs how to make proteins and other important molecules?

Answer 11

DNA

Question 12

What is chromatin?

Answer 12

Granular material visible in the nucleus.

Question 13

What are chromosomes?

Answer 13

Condensed chromatin that forms a threadlike structure that contains genetic information that is passed through cells.

Question 14

What is the small, dense region in the center of the nucleus?

Answer 14

Nucleolous

Question 15

What is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 15

The two membranes that regulate what passes in and out of the nucleus.

Question 16

What are ribosomes?

Answer 16

Small particles of RNA found throughout the cytoplasm.

Question 17

What is the difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 17

Rough has ribosomes scattered across the surface.

Question 18

What organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?

Answer 18

Golgi apparatus

Question 19

What organelle breaks down old organelles, lipids, carbs, and proteins?

Answer 19

Lysosomes

Question 20

What kind of materials do vacuoles store?

Answer 20

Water, salts, proteins, and carbs

Question 21

Why is there a central vacuole in plant cells?

Answer 21

To support heavy objects like leaves and flowers

Question 22

How do contractile vacuoles help maintain homeostasis?

Answer 22

Consistently pumps out water

Question 23

What function does a mitochondria organelle perform?

Answer 23

Convert chemical energy from food into compounds for the cell to use.

Question 24

What is the support structure of a cell?

Answer 24

Cytoskeleton

Question 25

What two structures make up the cytoskeleton? What do they do?

Answer 25

Microfilaments- Threadlike structures of actin, a protein, that maintain cell shape, form centrioles, and help build cilia and flagella

Question 26

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 26

Regulates what moves in and out of cells and provides protection and support

Question 27

What is the core of nearly all cell membranes?

Answer 27

The lipid belayer

Question 28

What do proteins and carbohydrates do in the cell membrane?

Answer 28

Proteins- move materials

Carbs- Identify other cells

Question 29

Is the cell membrane inside or outside the cell wall?

Answer 29

Inside

Question 30

What mostly makes up cell walls?

Answer 30

Fibers of carbs and proteins

Question 31

What is concentration?

Answer 31

The mass of solute in a solution

Question 32

What is diffusion?

Answer 32

When particles evenly fill a substance.

Question 33

When does a substance reach equilibrium?

Answer 33

All of the solution has an equal amount of solute.

Question 34

True or false: When equilibrium is reached, particles still move through the membrane but they move evenly.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What does it mean when a membrane is selectively permeable?

Answer 35

Some things can go through, some cannot

Question 36

What is osmosis?

Answer 36

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 37

What does it mean when a solution is isotonic?

Answer 37

Both solute are the same strength

Question 38

When is a solute hypertonic? Hypotonic?

Answer 38

Hypertonic- solute is above strength

Hypotonic- solute is below strength

Question 39

True or false: Osmosis exerts a pressure on the hypertonic side of a selectively permeable membrane.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 40

When specific molecules move through protein channels in a cell membrane

Question 41

What do protein channels do?

Answer 41

Allow materials through the cell membrane

Question 42

True or false: Facilitated diffusion requires energy.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

What process moves material across a cell membrane that requires energy?

Answer 43

Active transport

Question 44

What are the three types of active transport? Briefly describe each.

Answer 44

Endocytosis- moves material using infoldings (pockets) of the cell membrane
Phagocytosis- extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole
Exocytosis- when vacuole membranes fuse with the cell membrane and release liquid into the cell membrane

Question 45

What forms during endocytosis?

Answer 45

A vacuole

Question 46

What is a group of cells that form a similar function called?

Answer 46

Tissue