Biology Chapter 6: The Respiratory System

Question 1

what are the special purposes of the nose and mouth during breathing ?

Answer 1

allowing air in and removing dirt and matter

they also warm and humidify the air before it reaches the lungs

Question 2

where are the lungs located in the body?

Answer 2

Thoracic Cavity

Question 3

Where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 3

In the lungs

Question 4

where does air first enter the body?

Answer 4

The nares and then the nasal cavity and then through the mucous membrane and nasal hairs

Question 5

what are vibrissae?

Answer 5

nasal hairs

Question 6

Where is the Pharynx located?

Answer 6

behind the nasal cavity and the back of the mouth

Question 7

does the Pharynx only allow the passage of air?

Answer 7

No but also the passage of food

Question 8

Where is the Larynx located?

Answer 8

Bellow the Pharynx

Question 9

Does the Larynx allow only the passage of air?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

How does the Larynx only allow the passage of air?

Answer 10

Using the Epiglottis to cover the glottis during swallowing

Question 11

where are the vocal chords located?

Answer 11

In the Larynx

Question 12

how are the vocal chords maneuvered?

Answer 12

Using cartilage and skeletal muscle

Question 13

where does the air go after it enters through the Larynx?

Answer 13

It enters the trachea

Question 14

where does air go after it enters the trachea?

Answer 14

it will then be funneled into one of two Bronchi

Question 15

what does the Bronchi and the trachea use to collect material that has passed through the mucous membrane?

Answer 15

Cilliated Epithelial cells

Question 16

Where does the air go once it has passed the cilliated epithelial cells in the trachea and the bronchi?

Answer 16

the air divides into smaller Bronchioles

Question 17

where does air go after it has entered the bronchioles?

Answer 17

it travels into air sacs called Aveoli

Question 18

what lowers the surface tension of Aveoli?

Answer 18

Surfactants

Question 19

How does the surfactant work?

Answer 19

lowers surface tension using a detergent

Question 20

why are surfactants important?

Answer 20

by lowering surface tension, it prevents the aveoli from collapsing on itself

Question 21

Are the Lungs the same size?

Answer 21

The left lung is smaller than the right lung

Question 22

how many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 22

three lobes

Question 23

how many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 23

two lobes

Question 24

why are the right and left lungs different from one another?

Answer 24

because of the location of the heart in the thoratic cavity.

Question 25

What is the membrane called that surrounds the lungs and what does it do?

Answer 25

Pleurae | it forms a sac around the lungs where they can expand

Question 26

what is the surface called that is adjacent to the lungs?

Answer 26

Visceral Pleura

Question 27

what is the membrane called on the outer part of the lungs?

Answer 27

Parietal pleura

Question 28

What is the most important muscle in regards to respiration?

Answer 28

The Diaphragm

Question 29

what does the diaphragm do?

Answer 29

creates negative pressure in the lungs and separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities from one another

Question 30

Which muscles are used to inhale?

Answer 30

external intercostal muscles and the diaphram

Question 31

when the diaphragm flattens, what happens to the volume in the lungs and the pressure in the lungs?

Answer 31

The volume in the lungs increases | the pressure in the lungs decreases

Question 32

Why does air enter the lungs during inhale?

Answer 32

Air enters the lungs because an increase in volume in the lungs means a decrease in pressure which means the pressure in the lungs are lower than the pressure in the environment air moves from high pressure to low pressure so air moves into the lungs where there is low pressure

Question 33

Define total lung capacity (TLC)

Answer 33

max volume of air in the lungs when one inhales completely

Question 34

Define residual volume (RV)

Answer 34

the minimum volume of air in the lungs when one exhales completely

Question 35

Vital capacity of the lungs

Answer 35

difference between minimum and maximum of volume in air in the lungs (TLC-RV)

Question 36

define spirometer

Answer 36

what people use to measure the volume of air in the lungs

Question 37

Tidal Volume (TV)

Answer 37

volume of inhaled or exhaled in normal breath

Question 38

expriatory reserve volume (ERV)

Answer 38

the volume of additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation

Question 39

inspriatory reserve volume (IRV)

Answer 39

volume of additional air that can forcibly inhaled after a normal inhalation

Question 40

hypoxia define

Answer 40

low concentration of oxygen in the blood

Question 41

hypercarbia

Answer 41

high concentration of co2 in the blood

Question 42

breathing can be controlled "manually" through what part of the brain breathing can be "over ridden" by what part of the brain?

Answer 42

Breathing can be controlled manually through the cerebrum | breathing can be over ridden by the body using the medula oblongata

Question 43

Name four things that the respiratory system helps with the body

Answer 43

gas exchange thermoregulation immune system pH in blood

Question 44

Gas exchange is due to changes in what

Answer 44

partial pressure differences between carbon dioxide and oxygen in capillary beds

Question 45

Oxygen enters the blood stream carried by what?

Answer 45

hemoglobin

Question 46

deoxygenated blood travels from where into the capillary beds?

Answer 46

From the right ventricle

Question 47

oxygenated blood travels to where from the capillary beds?

Answer 47

Blood travels to the left atrium

Question 48

How does the respiratory system regulate thermoregulation?

Answer 48

using capillary beds, blood flow and heat transfer

Question 49

Vasodilation has what effect on thermo regulation

Answer 49

it increases the movement of blood, dissipating heat

Question 50

Vasoconstriction has what effect on thermoregulation?

Answer 50

decreases the movement of blood, containing heat

Question 51

Heat is regulated through what in the body?

Answer 51

through capillaries, sweat glands and muscle contraction

Question 52

Immune regulation through the respiratory system works how ?

Answer 52

the capillary beds have immune cells | macrophages, IgA and Mast cells work to signal infection, engulf pathogens, and cause inflammation

Question 53

Mucocilliary escalator

Answer 53

mucus and cillia going upward | so mucus can be sent outside of the body through coughing or swallowing

Question 54

What is the pH that the body maintains in the blood?

Answer 54

7.35-7.45

Question 55

If the blood is too acidic what does that mean and how does that get fixed?

Answer 55

The blood is too acidic means that there are too many H+ present, which means an increase in Co2 and then the body is then signaled to breathe more/faster this is because more O2 then balances out the CO2 present

Question 56

if the blood is too basic what does that mean and how does that get fixed?

Answer 56

this gets fixed by reducing breathing | which means an increase in Co2 in the blood, causing a balance in the system