Biology Chapter 6

Question 1

Artificial Selection

Answer 1

While nature provided the variation, humans selected variations they found useful and breeded animals. Dog breeding.

Question 2

Natural Selection

Answer 2

Changes in the inherited characteristics of a population, useful to increase a species fitness(ability to survive and reproduce. Ex:Giraffes long necks to reach leaves.

Question 3

Survival of the fittest

Answer 3

An organisms’ adaptation to their environment and ability to reproduce helps them avoid extinction while for others it is inevitable. Ex: Wooly mammoths

Question 4

Lamarck’s use/disuse hypothesis

Answer 4

If organism uses it they keep it and pass it down to next generation. If they don’t use it they don’t keep it.
Ex: Humans gills and tails

Question 5

Adaptation

Answer 5

Become adjusted to new conditions.

Question 6

Variations

Answer 6

A change or difference in condition, amount, or level within certain limits. Variations in finches

Question 7

Genetic Mutations

Answer 7

A change to a gene’s DNA sequence to produce something different. sickle cell disease

Question 8

Speciation

Answer 8

Process of species formation from evolution. Galapagos finch.

Question 9

Population

Answer 9

Inhabitants of a particular area, town, city, environment.

Question 10

Gene Pool

Answer 10

Genetic information available in a population

Question 11

Does natural selection act on individuals or populations?

Answer 11

Populations

Question 12

Does evolution act on individuals or populations?

Answer 12

Populations

Question 13

Fitness

Answer 13

Darwin called the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment.

Question 14

Theory of Common Descent

Answer 14

REMEMBER COMMON DESCENT!! that’s a question. Anyways its how all organisms are believed to have originated from a common ancestor

Question 15

Homologous Structures

Answer 15

Same structure different function Human, cat, whale, and bat limbs.

Question 16

Analogous Structures

Answer 16

Different structure same function Shark, penguin, and dolphin fins.

Question 17

Vestigial Structures

Answer 17

Structures we have that we don’t need anymore. Human appendix and pelvic bone of snake.

Question 18

Theory of Evolution

Answer 18

Through patterns in evolution from living organisms, fossils, and preserved remains, Darwin observed the characteristics of many animals and plants changed over time.

Question 19

What are fossils & why are they important evidence of evolution?

Answer 19

Fossils are the rock formations of remains of animals from long ago. Fossils help us understand the size and characteristics of organisms from long ago to help us understand how life has changed since then.

Question 20

Population Bottleneck

Answer 20

Reduces the population size and reduces variation

Question 21

Founders Colony

Answer 21

Occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the ORIGINAL POPULATION. true or false question based on this.