Biology Chapter 6 Flashcards
Learn about Darwin's theory of evolution
Artificial Selection
While nature provided the variation, humans selected variations they found useful and breeded animals. Dog breeding.
Natural Selection
Changes in the inherited characteristics of a population, useful to increase a species fitness(ability to survive and reproduce. Ex:Giraffes long necks to reach leaves.
Survival of the fittest
An organisms’ adaptation to their environment and ability to reproduce helps them avoid extinction while for others it is inevitable. Ex: Wooly mammoths
Lamarck’s use/disuse hypothesis
If organism uses it they keep it and pass it down to next generation. If they don’t use it they don’t keep it.
Ex: Humans gills and tails
Adaptation
Become adjusted to new conditions.
Variations
A change or difference in condition, amount, or level within certain limits. Variations in finches
Genetic Mutations
A change to a gene’s DNA sequence to produce something different. sickle cell disease
Speciation
Process of species formation from evolution. Galapagos finch.
Population
Inhabitants of a particular area, town, city, environment.
Gene Pool
Genetic information available in a population
Does natural selection act on individuals or populations?
Populations
Does evolution act on individuals or populations?
Populations
Fitness
Darwin called the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment.
Theory of Common Descent
REMEMBER COMMON DESCENT!! that’s a question. Anyways its how all organisms are believed to have originated from a common ancestor
Homologous Structures
Same structure different function Human, cat, whale, and bat limbs.
Analogous Structures
Different structure same function Shark, penguin, and dolphin fins.
Vestigial Structures
Structures we have that we don’t need anymore. Human appendix and pelvic bone of snake.
Theory of Evolution
Through patterns in evolution from living organisms, fossils, and preserved remains, Darwin observed the characteristics of many animals and plants changed over time.
What are fossils & why are they important evidence of evolution?
Fossils are the rock formations of remains of animals from long ago. Fossils help us understand the size and characteristics of organisms from long ago to help us understand how life has changed since then.
Population Bottleneck
Reduces the population size and reduces variation
Founders Colony
Occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the ORIGINAL POPULATION. true or false question based on this.
