biology chapter 1

Question 0

Order of way to whole life

Answer 0

Atoms>molecules>macromolecules>organelles>cells>tissues >organs >organ system >organism (species)>populations> communities> ecostystem>biosphere

Question 1

7 characteristics of all living organisms

Answer 1

1. Composed of cells - plasma membrane
   2.complex and ordered - even a single cell
2. Respond to third environment (stimuli)
   4.can grow, develop, and reproduce
   5 obtain and use energy
3. Maintain internal balance (homeostasis)
   7.allow for evolutionary adaption- adapt to their environment

Question 2

Reductionism

Answer 2

Study the “parts” of a level

Ex. To study tissues, look at cell types

Question 3

Emergent properties

Answer 3

Result from interaction of components. cannot be deduced by looking at parts themselves
“Life” is an emergent property
Ex. Population- growth rate ,death rate, flocking behavior of birds

Question 4

The nature of science

Answer 4

To understand the natural world we use observation and reasoning.
Try to be objective as we can.
Science is self correcting- many people may study the same thing and make comparsions to other studies.

Question 5

Deductive reasoning

Answer 5

Uses general principles to make specific predictions

Ex. All mammals have hair. If an animal doesn’t have hair, it’s not a mammal.

Question 6

Inductive reasoning

Answer 6

Uses specific observations to develop general conclusions

Question 7

Inductive reasoning example

Answer 7

I only observe raccoons a night therefore they must be nocturnal

Question 8

Deductive reasoning example

Answer 8

I read that raccoons are nocturnal. If that is true I will only see them at night

Question 9

Scientific method

Answer 9

Observation
Question or problem 
Hypothesis formation 
Prediction
Experimentation 
Conclusion

Question 10

Darwin and Evolution

Answer 10

English naturalist spent five years serving as naturalist and captains dinner companion
Was on H.M.S BEagle
His idea was contribution to the mechanism of evolution - natural selection-t survival of the fittest
Alfred Russel Wallace independently came up with the idea of natural selection
He wrote a book On the Origin of SPecies by MEans of Natural Selection
Earth is 4.5 billion years old

Question 11

Comparative anatomy

Answer 11

Biologists have used comparative anatomy as evidence of Darwin’s theory

Question 12

Homologous

Answer 12

Same evolutionary origin but now differ in structure and fiction
Vertebrate forelimbs all share the same basic array of bones

Question 13

Analogous(homoplastic)

Answer 13

Structure of different origin used for the same purpose(butterfly and bird wings)-cannot be used to determine ancestry

Question 14

Molecular evidence

Answer 14

Compare genomes or proteins of different organisms

Can look at particular proteins and based on # of differences in amino acids, phylogenetic trees can be constructed. Shows evolutionary history

Question 15

Cell theory (schleiden and Schwann)

Answer 15

All organisms composed of cells

Cells are life’s bAsic units

All cells come from preexisting cells

Question 16

Evolutionary conservation explains the unity living systems

Answer 16

All organisms today descended from a simple creature 3.5 billion years ago

Some characteristics preserved - like use of DNA

Conservation of some characters reflects that they have a fundamental And that nothing better has evolved