Biology Ch 1: The Cell

Question 1

What are obligate aerobes?

Answer 1

bacteria that require oxygen for metabolism

(ex: Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

Question 2

What are obligate anaerobes?

Answer 2

Bacteria that cannot survive in an oxygen-containing environment; leads to the production of reactive oxygen-containing radicals

(ex: Clostridioides difficile)

Question 3

What are facultative anaerobes?

Answer 3

Bacteria that can toggle between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, depending on if oxygen is present

(ex: E. coli)

Question 4

What are aerotolerant anaerobes?

Answer 4

Bacteria that are unable to use oxygen for metabolism, but are not harmed by the presence of oxygen

(ex: Streptococcus pneumoniae)

Question 5

What is transformation?

Answer 5

Integration of foreign genetic material into the host genome.

Question 6

What is conjugation?

Answer 6

Bacterial form of mating (sexual reproduction), involving two cells forming a conjugation bridge between them that facilitates the transfer of genetic material.

Question 7

What is transduction?

Answer 7

Genetic recombination requiring a vector (usually a virus)