Behavioral Sciences: Biology and Behavior (Quicksheets) Flashcards
What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on the eyes? Which cranial nerves are responsible for this?
Constricts pupils
Cranial nerve VII (facial) and III (oculomotor)
How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect saliva production? Which cranial nerves are responsible for this?
Stimulates flow of saliva
Cranial nerve VII (facial) and IX (glossopharyngeal)
What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on the lungs? Which cranial nerve is responsible for this?
Constricts bronchi
Cranial nerve X (vagus)
What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on the heart? Which cranial nerve is responsible for this?
Slows heartbeat
Cranial nerve X (vagus)
What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on the stomach and digestive tract? Which cranial nerve is responsible for this?
Stimulates peristalsis and secretion
Cranial nerve X (vagus)
What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on the liver? Which cranial nerve is responsible for this?
Stimulates bile release
Cranial nerve X (vagus)
What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on the bladder? Which nerve is responsible for this?
Contracts bladder
Pelvic splanchnic nerve
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the eyes?
Dilates pupils
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on salivation?
Inhibits salivation
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the lungs?
Relaxes bronchi
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the heart?
Accelerates heartbeat
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the skin?
Piloerection and/or sweating
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the digestive tract?
Inhibits peristalsis and secretion
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the liver?
Stimulates glucose production and release
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the adrenal glands?
Stimulates secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the bladder?
Inhibits bladder contraction
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the reproductive system?
Stimulates orgasm
What are the components of the hindbrain?
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla
Reticular formation
What are the components of the midbrain?
Inferior and superior colliculi
What are the components of the forebrain?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Basal ganglia
Limbic system
Cerebral cortex
What is the function of the thalamus?
Relay station for sensory information
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Maintains homeostasis and integrates with the endocrine system through the hypophyseal portal system that connects to the anterior pituitary
What is the function of the basal ganglia?
Smoothens movements and helps maintain postural stability
What is the function of the limbic system?
Controls emotion and memory
What is the function of the septal nuclei of the limbic system?
Pleasure-seeking
What is the function of the amygdala?
Fear and aggression
What is the function of the hippocampus?
Memory formation
What is the function of the fornix?
Communication within the limbic system
What are the functions of the frontal lobe?
Executive function
Impulse control
Long-term planning (prefrontal cortex)
Motor function (primary motor cortex)
Speech production (Broca’s area)
What are the functions of the parietal lobe?
Sensation of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain (somatosensory cortex)
Speech perception (Wernicke’s area)
Memory and emotion (limbic system)
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Visual processing
What are the functions of the temporal lobe?
Sound processing (auditory cortex)
Speech perception (Wernicke’s area)
Memory
Emotion (limbic system)
What behaviors does acetylcholine influence?
Voluntary muscle control
Parasympathetic nervous system
Attention
Alertness
What behaviors do epinephrine and norepinephrine influence?
Fight-or-flight responses
Wakefulness
Alertness
What behaviors does dopamine influence?
Smooth movements
Postural stability
What behaviors do serotonin influence?
Mood
Sleep
Eating
Dreaming
What behavior do GABA and glycine influence?
Brain stabilization
What behavior does glutamate influence?
Brain excitation
What behavior do endorphins influence?
Natural painkillers
