🔑 Biology Cells

Question 1

Root hair cell (fnc)

Answer 1

Absorb minerals and water from the soil.

Question 2

Red blood cell (fnc)

Answer 2

Carries oxygen from the lungs to the body and carbon dioxide from the body back to the lungs.

Question 3

Muscle cell (fnc)

Answer 3

Contracts under electrical stimulus.

Question 4

Nerve cell (fnc)

Answer 4

To carry nerve impulses around the body.

Question 5

Sperm cell (fnc)

Answer 5

Carries the father’s DNA.

Question 6

Red blood cell (ftr)

Answer 6

Bi-concaved disk gives large surface area
Is flexible (because of shape) to prevent getting stuck in capillaries
Contains haemoglobin which picks up oxygen.
Has no nucleus to make room for more oxygen.

Question 7

Muscle cell (ftr)

Answer 7

Contains filaments which link with each other so that the muscles contract in unison
Contains lots of mitochondria to provide energy for contraction.

Question 8

Sperm cell (ftr)

Answer 8

Has a long tail so they can swim to find an egg.
There are enzymes (like scissors) in the head of the sperm to help the sperm get into the egg.
Made of testis of males.

Question 9

Nerve cell (ftr)

Answer 9

These are extremely elongated (long) cells. They have many branches at both ends to connect to other nerve cells. The long axis (main branch) is covered in fat to prevent the electrical impulses affecting the surrounding parts of your body.

Question 10

Root hair cell (ftr)

Answer 10

Large surface area to absorb lots of water.
Thin cell wall to allow water to pass through easily.
Doesn’t contain any chloroplasts unlike all other plant cells.

Question 11

Palisade cell (ftr)

Answer 11

Found in the top of a leaf.
Tall and has a large surface area to catch as much light as possible.
Packed with chloroplasts to absorb sunlight.

Question 12

Ciliated cell (ftr)

Answer 12

They line all the air passages down to the lungs (trachea, bronchi).
Has tiny hairs called cilia.

Question 13

Egg cell (ftr)

Answer 13

Contains yolk that acts as a food source for the developing embryo (baby) when fertilised.
Much larger than other animal cells.
Has lots of mitochondria to carry out respiration to release energy.
Nucleus has half of genes.

Question 14

Xylem (ftr)

Answer 14

Thick, strengthened cellulose cell wall with a hollow lumen (centre).

Question 15

Phloem (ftr)

Answer 15

Thick, strengthened cellulose cell wall with a hollow lumen (centre).

Question 16

Palisade cell (fnc)

Answer 16

To carry out photosynthesis.

To help make plant food.

Question 17

Ciliated cell (fnc)

Answer 17

Designed to stop lung damage.
Hair sweeps mucus trapped dust and bacteria back up the throat to be swallowed.
If you smoke then the hairs die and the mucus builds up leading to the well known smoker’s cough.

Question 18

Egg cell (fnc)

Answer 18

Carries the mother’s DNA

To get fertilised by a male sperm cell.

Question 19

Xylem (fnc)

Answer 19

Transports water and minerals from the roots to the shoots and leaves - only goes in one direction.

Question 20

Phloem (fnc)

Answer 20

Transports cell sap which is rich in sugars from structures that photosynthesise (leaf) to structures that don’t (roots).