Biology Cell Organelle Revision Flashcards
What are the two major types of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic: No nucleus, smaller, no membrane-bound organelles, single-celled (e.g., bacteria).
Eukaryotic: Has a nucleus, larger, has membrane-bound organelles, can be single or multicellular (e.g., plants, animals).
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Controls what enters and leaves the cell, like a security gate.
What is the role of ribosomes?
Makes proteins, like a factory.
Why is the mitochondrion called the powerhouse of the cell?
It produces ATP (energy) by breaking down food.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Packages and distributes proteins, like a post office.
What is the difference between Rough ER and Smooth ER?
Rough ER: Has ribosomes, helps make proteins.
Smooth ER: No ribosomes, makes lipids and detoxifies.
What is the role of chloroplasts (in plant cells)?
Conducts photosynthesis to make food using sunlight.
What do microtubules do?
Provide cell structure and help with movement inside the cell.
What is the function of lysosomes?
Break down waste and damaged organelles, like a recycling center.
What are cilia and flagella, and what do they do?
Hair-like structures on some cells that help with movement. Cilia are short and numerous, while flagella are long and usually single.
What is the cell wall, and which cells have it?
A rigid outer layer that provides structure and support. Found in plants (cellulose), fungi (chitin), and bacteria (peptidoglycan) but not in animal cells.
What is the function of the vacuole?
Stores water, food, and waste. In plants, helps maintain cell structure.
What is the role of the nucleus?
It controls the cell’s activities and contains the cell’s DNA.
