Biology Cell Membrane and Organelles

Question 1

Mitochondria

Answer 1

Function: Produces ATP through cellular respiration, powering the cell.
Location: Cytoplasm.

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Function: Stores genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.
Location: Center of the cell.

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

Function: Synthesizes proteins for the cell.
Location: Floating in cytoplasm or attached to rough ER.

Question 4

Rough ER

Answer 4

Function: Processes and transports proteins made by ribosomes.
Location: Connected to the nucleus.

Question 5

Smooth ER

Answer 5

Function: Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances.
Location: Near the rough ER.

Question 6

Golgi apparatus

Answer 6

Function: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport.
Location: Cytoplasm, near ER.

Question 7

Lysosomes

Answer 7

Function: Breaks down waste, cellular debris, and invading pathogens.
Location: Cytoplasm.

Question 8

Peroxisomes

Answer 8

Function: Breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies harmful substances.
Location: Cytoplasm.

Question 9

Vacuole (plant cells)

Answer 9

Function: Stores water, nutrients, and waste; provides structure.
Location: Cytoplasm.

Question 10

Plasma membrane

Answer 10

Function: Regulates what enters and exits the cell; maintains homeostasis.
Location: Outer cell boundary.

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

Function: Gel-like fluid that holds organelles in place.
Location: Throughout the cell.

Question 12

Cytoskeleton

Answer 12

Function: Provides structure and supports cell shape.
Location: Throughout the cytoplasm.

Question 13

Microtubules

Answer 13

Function: Helps in cell division and transport within the cell.
Location: Part of the cytoskeleton.

Question 14

Microfilaments

Answer 14

Function: Aids in cell movement and structure.
Location: Part of the cytoskeleton.

Question 15

Centrioles

Answer 15

Function: Helps in mitosis by forming spindle fibers.
Location: Inside the centrosome.

Question 16

Nuclear envelope

Answer 16

Function: Protects the nucleus and controls material flow in and out.
Location: Surrounding the nucleus.

Question 17

Nuclear pores

Answer 17

Function: Allows transport of materials in and out of the nucleus.
Location: In the nuclear envelope.

Question 18

Chromatin

Answer 18

Function: Contains DNA and proteins that form chromosomes.
Location: Inside the nucleus.

Question 19

Nucleolus

Answer 19

Function: Produces ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Location: Inside the nucleus.

Question 20

Chloroplasts (plant cells)

Answer 20

Function: Site of photosynthesis; converts sunlight into glucose.
Location: Cytoplasm of plant cells.

Question 21

Cell wall (plant cells)

Answer 21

Function: Provides structural support and protection.
Location: Outside the plasma membrane.

Question 22

Nucleoid

Answer 22

Function: Contains the circular DNA of the bacterial cell.
Location: Cytoplasm.

Question 23

Ribosomes (Prokaryotic)

Answer 23

Function: Synthesizes proteins for the cell.
Location: Floating in the cytoplasm.

Question 24

Plasmids

Answer 24

Function: Small, circular DNA molecules that provide antibiotic resistance or other advantages.
Location: Cytoplasm.

Question 25

Plasma membrane (Prokaryotic)

Answer 25

Function: Controls what enters and exits the cell.
Location: Surrounding the cytoplasm.

Question 26

Cell wall (Prokaryotic)

Answer 26

Function: Provides shape, structure, and protection.
Location: Outside the plasma membrane.

Question 27

Capsule

Answer 27

Function: Protects bacteria from desiccation and immune system attacks.
Location: Outer layer of some prokaryotic cells.

Question 28

Pili

Answer 28

Function: Helps bacteria attach to surfaces and exchange genetic material.
Location: Extending from the cell surface.

Question 29

Flagella

Answer 29

Function: Enables cell movement.
Location: Extends from the plasma membrane.