biology cb1 and cb2

Question 1

are eukaryotic cells complex or simple?

Answer 1

complex

Question 2

are prokaryotic cells complex or simple?

Answer 2

simple

Question 3

is a bacteria cell a prokaryote or a eukaryote/

Answer 3

prokaryote

Question 4

how many things does an animal cell contain?

Answer 4

5

Question 5

how many things does a plant cell contain?

Answer 5

8

Question 6

what 3 things does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t

Answer 6

1. rigid cell wall
2. vacuole
3. chloroplasts

Question 7

what does a vacuole do?

Answer 7

it contains cell sap solution made of sugar and salts that serves as storage and provides mechanical support.

Question 8

what does cytoplasm do?

Answer 8

its where chemical reactions occur and it has enzymes that controls the reactions

Question 9

what does a bacteria cell have?

Answer 9

1.cytoplasm
2. cell wall
3. cell membrane
4. no true nucleus but instead a single strand of DNA
5. may contain 1 or more rings of DNA called plasmids

Question 10

what does the mitochondria do?

Answer 10

its where reactions for aerobic respiration takes place

Question 11

what does an animal cell contain?

Answer 11

1. nucleus
2. cytoplasm
3. cell membrane
4. mitochondria
5. ribosome

Question 12

what does the ribosome do

Answer 12

its where proteins are made

Question 13

what does the rigid cell wall do?

Answer 13

its made of cellulose and gives support and strength to the cell

Question 14

what does chloroplast do?

Answer 14

its where photosynthesis happens and it has a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis (chlorophyll makes the plant green)

Question 15

what does a catalyst do?

Answer 15

speeds up reactions

Question 16

is an enzyme a catalyst

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

where does a substrate fit into on a enzyme

Answer 17

on the active site

Question 18

what is it called when an active sit deforms

Answer 18

de-nature

Question 19

when does an enzyme de-nature

Answer 19

when an enzyme goes past its optimum pH or temperature level

Question 20

a substrate is ____ to an enzyme

Answer 20

complimentary

Question 21

what 3 types of enzymes

Answer 21

amylase , pepsin (protease) , lipase

Question 22

what does amylase break down

Answer 22

starch into glucose

Question 23

what does pepsin (protease) break down

Answer 23

proteins into amino acids

Question 24

what does lipase break down

Answer 24

lipids into fatty acid + glyserol

Question 25

what are the 3 types of transporting substances

Answer 25

1. diffusion 2. osmosis 3. active transport

Question 26

what is diffusion?

Answer 26

transportation of molecules/ particles spreading out from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 27

what's osmosis

Answer 27

going from a high concentration to a low concentration through a semi permeable membrane

Question 28

what is active transport

Answer 28

particles transporting from a low concentration to a high concentration

Question 29

what practical is used for osmosis

Answer 29

potato osmosis

Question 30

how many phases are there in mitosis

Answer 30

6

Question 31

whats the letters for mitosis

Answer 31

IPMATC

Question 32

what are the stages of mitosis

Answer 32

Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

Question 33

what is the other part of the cell cycle that isn't mitosis

Answer 33

growth + DNA replication

Question 34

what happens in prophase?

Answer 34

membrane around nucleus breaks down and spindle fibres form

Question 35

what happens in anaphase

Answer 35

chromosomes split and are moved onto each end of cell on spindle fibres

Question 36

what happens in metaphase

Answer 36

chromosomes line up across middle of the spindle fibres

Question 37

what happens in telophase ?

Answer 37

membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to form a nuclei

Question 38

what happens in interphase?

Answer 38

DNA spreads out in long strings, DNA is copied and subcellular structures are produced

Question 39

what happens in cytokinesis/

Answer 39

cytoplasm and cell membrane divide separating cells and cell wall forms in plant cells

Question 40

what type of cell does mitosis make?

Answer 40

diploid

Question 41

what are chromosomes

Answer 41

coiled up DNA molecules

Question 42

what is mitosis used for?

Answer 42

to grow/replaces damaged daughter cells

Question 43

how many chromosomes does a diploid cell have?

Answer 43

23

Question 44

how many chromosomes does a haploid cell have?

Answer 44

46

Question 45

what's the formula for cellular respiration

Answer 45

carbon dioxide + water -----> oxygen + glucose

Question 46

what is variation

Answer 46

we see it due to different plant types and different arrangements of cells

Question 47

what's adaptation

Answer 47

ability to do a specific function

Question 48

what's elongation ?

Answer 48

when cell wall loosens links between cellulose molecules and water enters causing expansion of vacuole + cytoplasm. Afterwards links reform between cellulose molecules and cell wall becomes rigid again

Question 49

what's the formula for %change in growth

Answer 49

final value - initial value divided by initial value multiplied by 100

Question 50

what's the root hair cells function?

Answer 50

absorb minerals and water from soil

Question 51

whats the palisade cells function?

Answer 51

carry out photosynthesis making food

Question 52

what's the xylem cells function

Answer 52

moving water

Question 53

what is the meristem cells function?

Answer 53

to make itself into any other type of cell, its found in areas where growth takes place

Question 54

what are the three stem cells

Answer 54

embryonic adult meristem

Question 55

what is the difference between an adult stem cell and an embryonic stem cell?

Answer 55

an adult stem cell can only differentiate to become a limited range of cells while an embryonic stem cell can become any cell.

Question 56

what does a meristem do?

Answer 56

change into any cell within a plant

Question 57

what's the order from stimulus to response?

Answer 57

stimulus receptor sensory neurone CNS motor neurone effector response

Question 58

what is the CNS

Answer 58

Central Nervous System - a co-ordination centre that recieves from receptors and then co-ordinates a response carried out by the effectors

Question 59

what are the effectors?

Answer 59

cells that respond to nervous impulses and bring out a change

Question 60

what are sensory neurones

Answer 60

neurones that carry information as electrical impulses

Question 61

what is stimuli

Answer 61

a change in environment

Question 62

what's motor neurones

Answer 62

a neurone that carry electrical impulses from CNS to effectors

Question 63

what do neurones contain

Answer 63

axon axon terminals myelin sheath schwann cell dendrites dendrite nucleus cell body

Question 64

axon terminals do what

Answer 64

converse electrical signals into chemical signal

Question 65

what does the schwann cell do

Answer 65

surrounds neurones and keeps them alive and covers them with myelin sheath

Question 66

myelin sheath does what

Answer 66

its a sleeve that wraps around each nerve cell providing protection