Biology: Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are Monosaccharides?
Monosaccharides are the monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made. Glucose, galactose and fructose are common monosaccharides.
What is a Condensation Reaction?
A Condensation reaction between two monosaccharides forms a glycosidic bond.
What are Polysaccharides?
Polysaccharides are formed by the Condensation of many glucose units.
What are the two isomer glucose?
Glucose has two isomers, alpha glucose and beta glucose
What are glycogen and starch made form?
Glycogen and starch are formed by the Condensation of alpha glucose. Cellulose is formed by Condensation of beta glucose
What is Disaccharide Maltose made from?
glucose and glucose
What is Disaccharide Sucrose made from?
glucose and fructose
What is Disaccharide Lactose made from?
glucose and galactose
What is a Poly Alpha Glucose?
- Molecule curls into a compact shape
- Molecule forms a helix into which an iodine molecule can fit. The complex formed absorbs most wavelengths of light.
- Hydrogen bonds between -OH groups on glucose residues in the same chain into a chain into a specific shape.
What is a Poly Beta Glucose?
- Molecule forms long fibrous chains
- Molecule does not form a complex with iodine.
- OH groups are not involved in hydrogen bonding between glucose residues in the same chain but are available for bonding to another chain.
Starch
Long chains
Insoluble
no osmosis effect
No water absorbed
Helix
Compact
Lots of enzymes
Small Space
Cellulose
Long chain
Straight Chains
Hydrogen bonds
From microfibres
Less compact
Large molecule
Beta chain
Glycogen
Long chains
Insoluble
no osmosis effect
No water absorbed
Helix
Compact
Lots of enzymes
Large
Glycosidic cell
