Biology: Biological Molecules Flashcards
What is a Monomer?
Smaller units which can create larger molecules
What is a Polymer?
Made from lots of monomers bonded together
Examples of Monomers
- Glucose
- Amino acid
- Nucleotide
Example of Polymers
- Starch
- Cellulose
- Glycogen
- Protein
- DNA and RNA
What is a Condensation reaction?
Joining two molecules together creating a chemical bond and removing water
What is a Hydrolysis reaction?
Breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and involves the use of water
Carbohydrate monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Carbohydrate disaccharides
Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose
Carbohydrate polysaccharides
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen
What is a Disaccharide
Made of town monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond formed by a Condensation reaction.
Starch
Plants
- store of glucose
- Alpha glucose
Helix can compact to fit a lot of glucose in small space. Breached structure increases surface are for rapid hydrolysis back to Glucose. Insoluble - won’t affect water potential
Cellulose
Plant
- Structural strength for cell wall
- Beta glucose
MAny hydrogen bonds provide collective strength. Insoluble - won’t affect water potential
Glycogen
Animals
- Store of glucose
- Alpha glucose
- Highly branched
Branched structure increases surface are for rapid hydrolysis back to Glucose. Insoluble - won’t affect water potential
Saturated Fatty Acids
The hydrocarbon chain has only single bonds between carbons
Unsaturated FAtty acids
The hydrocarbon chain consists of at least one double bond between carbons
