Biology C190 Set 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Adhesion

A

attraction of water molecules to molecules other than water

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2
Q

Cohesion

A

property of matter in which particles stick together

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3
Q

Hydrophilic

A

refers to molecules that are water soluble; also contain polar functional groups that can form hydrogen bonds or iconic bonds with water

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4
Q

Hydrophobic

A

water-fearing; molecules do not interact with water and are characterized by a complete lack of electronegative atoms

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5
Q

Surface Tension

A

The capacity of a liquid’s surface to resist being ruptured when placed under tension or stress

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6
Q

Solute

A

Component of a solution that is present in the smallest quantity and which dissolves in a solvent

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7
Q

Solutions

A

Homogeneous mixtures of solvent and solute

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8
Q

Solvent

A

component of a solution that is present in the greatest quantity and in which something else is dissolved

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9
Q

Amino acid

A

small organic molecule with the structure of an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and an “R” group, which are all bonded to a single central carbon atom

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10
Q

Biological Macromolecules

A

Relatively large molecules made by living organisms from smaller molecular building blocks

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11
Q

Carbohydrates

A

extracellular surface of the cell membrane is decorated with carbohydrate groups attached to lipids and proteins.

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12
Q

Fats

A

type of lipid composed of glycerol and saturated fatty acids; typically solid at room temperature

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13
Q

Glucose

A

A simple carbohydrate with the chemical formula of C6H12O6. This is the primary product of photosynthesis and the primary reactant of cellular respiration

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14
Q

Inorganic molecules

A

simple molecules not found in living things. They may contain carbon or hydrogen, but not both

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15
Q

Lipids

A

Organic macromolecules that are largely nonpolar and as a result are hydrophobic; functions are long-term storage use in the form of fats, insulation from the environment, and building blocks for hormones

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16
Q

Monomer

A

A small organic molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer

17
Q

Monosaccharide

A

A simple sugar containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio

18
Q

Oils

A

a type of lipid composed of glycerol and unsaturated fatty acids; typically liquid at room temperature

19
Q

Organic molecules

A

Molecules containing a carbon atom that is covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom

20
Q

Phospholipids

A

a molecule consisting of a glycerol bonded to a phosphate group and 2 fatty acids

21
Q

Polymer

A

These are large molecules consisting of repeating structural units, or monomers, connected by covalent chemical bonds

22
Q

Polysaccharide

A

A carb that consists of long chains of monosaccharides bonded together; often used for energy storage and structural support by organisms

23
Q

Proteins

A

an organic macromolecule consisting of folded chains of amino acids; key role both structurally and functionally

24
Q

Protein folding

A

final 3-dimensional shape of proteins that results from interactions between the amino acids in the protein

25
Q

Steroids

A

type of lipid composed of a common carbon ring structure; testosterone and cholesterol

26
Q

Waxes

A

Nonpolar lipids that form protective layers on plants and animals; simplest lipids in nature, consisting of two long hydrocarbon chains linked in the middle by an ester group

27
Q

Enzymes

A

proteins that have the ability to make chemical reaction happen

28
Q

Nucleic acids

A

macromolecules that carry out two main functions in the cell: storage of genetic information and synthesis of proteins

29
Q

RNA

A

nucleic acid composed of nucleotides in a single strand whose primary function in protein sythesis

30
Q

DNA

A

Nucleic acid polymer that contains the genetic instructions for all living organisms; composed of two strands of nucleotides that are intertwined in a double helix

31
Q
A