Biology C190 Set 4

Question 1

Adhesion

Answer 1

attraction of water molecules to molecules other than water

Question 2

Cohesion

Answer 2

property of matter in which particles stick together

Question 3

Hydrophilic

Answer 3

refers to molecules that are water soluble; also contain polar functional groups that can form hydrogen bonds or iconic bonds with water

Question 4

Hydrophobic

Answer 4

water-fearing; molecules do not interact with water and are characterized by a complete lack of electronegative atoms

Question 5

Surface Tension

Answer 5

The capacity of a liquid’s surface to resist being ruptured when placed under tension or stress

Question 6

Solute

Answer 6

Component of a solution that is present in the smallest quantity and which dissolves in a solvent

Question 7

Solutions

Answer 7

Homogeneous mixtures of solvent and solute

Question 8

Solvent

Answer 8

component of a solution that is present in the greatest quantity and in which something else is dissolved

Question 9

Amino acid

Answer 9

small organic molecule with the structure of an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and an “R” group, which are all bonded to a single central carbon atom

Question 10

Biological Macromolecules

Answer 10

Relatively large molecules made by living organisms from smaller molecular building blocks

Question 11

Carbohydrates

Answer 11

extracellular surface of the cell membrane is decorated with carbohydrate groups attached to lipids and proteins.

Question 12

Fats

Answer 12

type of lipid composed of glycerol and saturated fatty acids; typically solid at room temperature

Question 13

Glucose

Answer 13

A simple carbohydrate with the chemical formula of C6H12O6. This is the primary product of photosynthesis and the primary reactant of cellular respiration

Question 14

Inorganic molecules

Answer 14

simple molecules not found in living things. They may contain carbon or hydrogen, but not both

Question 15

Lipids

Answer 15

Organic macromolecules that are largely nonpolar and as a result are hydrophobic; functions are long-term storage use in the form of fats, insulation from the environment, and building blocks for hormones

Question 16

Monomer

Answer 16

A small organic molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer

Question 17

Monosaccharide

Answer 17

A simple sugar containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio

Question 18

Oils

Answer 18

a type of lipid composed of glycerol and unsaturated fatty acids; typically liquid at room temperature

Question 19

Organic molecules

Answer 19

Molecules containing a carbon atom that is covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom

Question 20

Phospholipids

Answer 20

a molecule consisting of a glycerol bonded to a phosphate group and 2 fatty acids

Question 21

Polymer

Answer 21

These are large molecules consisting of repeating structural units, or monomers, connected by covalent chemical bonds

Question 22

Polysaccharide

Answer 22

A carb that consists of long chains of monosaccharides bonded together; often used for energy storage and structural support by organisms

Question 23

Proteins

Answer 23

an organic macromolecule consisting of folded chains of amino acids; key role both structurally and functionally

Question 24

Protein folding

Answer 24

final 3-dimensional shape of proteins that results from interactions between the amino acids in the protein

Question 25

Steroids

Answer 25

type of lipid composed of a common carbon ring structure; testosterone and cholesterol

Question 26

Waxes

Answer 26

Nonpolar lipids that form protective layers on plants and animals; simplest lipids in nature, consisting of two long hydrocarbon chains linked in the middle by an ester group

Question 27

Enzymes

Answer 27

proteins that have the ability to make chemical reaction happen

Question 28

Nucleic acids

Answer 28

macromolecules that carry out two main functions in the cell: storage of genetic information and synthesis of proteins

Question 29

RNA

Answer 29

nucleic acid composed of nucleotides in a single strand whose primary function in protein sythesis

Question 30

DNA

Answer 30

Nucleic acid polymer that contains the genetic instructions for all living organisms; composed of two strands of nucleotides that are intertwined in a double helix