Biology C190 Set 4 Flashcards
Adhesion
attraction of water molecules to molecules other than water
Cohesion
property of matter in which particles stick together
Hydrophilic
refers to molecules that are water soluble; also contain polar functional groups that can form hydrogen bonds or iconic bonds with water
Hydrophobic
water-fearing; molecules do not interact with water and are characterized by a complete lack of electronegative atoms
Surface Tension
The capacity of a liquid’s surface to resist being ruptured when placed under tension or stress
Solute
Component of a solution that is present in the smallest quantity and which dissolves in a solvent
Solutions
Homogeneous mixtures of solvent and solute
Solvent
component of a solution that is present in the greatest quantity and in which something else is dissolved
Amino acid
small organic molecule with the structure of an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and an “R” group, which are all bonded to a single central carbon atom
Biological Macromolecules
Relatively large molecules made by living organisms from smaller molecular building blocks
Carbohydrates
extracellular surface of the cell membrane is decorated with carbohydrate groups attached to lipids and proteins.
Fats
type of lipid composed of glycerol and saturated fatty acids; typically solid at room temperature
Glucose
A simple carbohydrate with the chemical formula of C6H12O6. This is the primary product of photosynthesis and the primary reactant of cellular respiration
Inorganic molecules
simple molecules not found in living things. They may contain carbon or hydrogen, but not both
Lipids
Organic macromolecules that are largely nonpolar and as a result are hydrophobic; functions are long-term storage use in the form of fats, insulation from the environment, and building blocks for hormones
Monomer
A small organic molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer
Monosaccharide
A simple sugar containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio
Oils
a type of lipid composed of glycerol and unsaturated fatty acids; typically liquid at room temperature
Organic molecules
Molecules containing a carbon atom that is covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom
Phospholipids
a molecule consisting of a glycerol bonded to a phosphate group and 2 fatty acids
Polymer
These are large molecules consisting of repeating structural units, or monomers, connected by covalent chemical bonds
Polysaccharide
A carb that consists of long chains of monosaccharides bonded together; often used for energy storage and structural support by organisms
Proteins
an organic macromolecule consisting of folded chains of amino acids; key role both structurally and functionally
Protein folding
final 3-dimensional shape of proteins that results from interactions between the amino acids in the protein
Steroids
type of lipid composed of a common carbon ring structure; testosterone and cholesterol
Waxes
Nonpolar lipids that form protective layers on plants and animals; simplest lipids in nature, consisting of two long hydrocarbon chains linked in the middle by an ester group
Enzymes
proteins that have the ability to make chemical reaction happen
Nucleic acids
macromolecules that carry out two main functions in the cell: storage of genetic information and synthesis of proteins
RNA
nucleic acid composed of nucleotides in a single strand whose primary function in protein sythesis
DNA
Nucleic acid polymer that contains the genetic instructions for all living organisms; composed of two strands of nucleotides that are intertwined in a double helix
