Biology C190 Set 3

Question 1

Symbiosis

Answer 1

a type of direct community interaction between pairs of species that are intimately and physically connected, with a smaller species (symbiont) living in or on the body of another species

Question 2

Mutualism

Answer 2

a type of interspecific interaction where both species benefit

Question 3

Predation

Answer 3

a type of interspecific interaction where one species (predator) kills and eats the other species (prey)

Question 4

Herbivory

Answer 4

eats plants

Question 5

Competition

Answer 5

a type of interspecific interaction where both species are harmed

Question 6

Parasitism

Answer 6

a symbiotic relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing harm

Question 7

Parasitism

Answer 7

a symbiotic relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing harm

Question 8

Commensalism

Answer 8

a type of interspecific interaction where one species is unaffected and the other species benefits

Question 9

Foundation species

Answer 9

a species that are physically dominant (largest and/or most abundant) in communities

Question 10

Keystone Species

Answer 10

a species that has an unexpectedly strong effect on the stability or diversity of a community that is much larger than its abundance or biomass would suggest

Question 11

Ecosystem

Answer 11

all the living (biotic) things in a particular area together with the abiotic (nonliving) materials and conditions in that area

Question 12

Trophic Levels

Answer 12

Any of the sequential stages in a food chain, occupied by producers at the bottom and in turn by primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers. Decomposers (detritivores) are considered their own

Question 13

Producers

Answer 13

organisms that make simple organic food molecules from inorganic raw materials using light energy from the sun and do not consume other living organisms to obtain nutrients

Question 14

Primary consumers

Answer 14

organisms that consume or feeds on plants

Question 15

Secondary Consumers

Answer 15

organisms that consume or feed on primary consumers

Question 16

Detritivores

Answer 16

animals that feed on dead organic matter

Question 17

Biogeochemical cycles

Answer 17

pathways that chemical elements follow through ecosystems

Question 18

Water cycle

Answer 18

the biogeochemical cycle through which water moves between the oceans, atmosphere, glaciers, soil, and fresh water

Question 19

Carbon cycle

Answer 19

the biogeochemical cycle through which carbon flows between the atmosphere, water, land, and ecosystems

Question 20

Nitrogen cycle

Answer 20

biogeochemical cycle through which nitrogen moves through terrestrial ecosystems. Bacteria play multiple roles in the cycle

Question 21

Photosynthesis

Answer 21

a metabolic pathway that uses light energy to build carbohydrates from CO2
Co2+H2O+light->sugar+O2

Question 22

Matter

Answer 22

anything that occupies space and has mass. The substance, consisting of atoms and subatomic particles, composing all physical objects

Question 23

Sustainable technologies

Answer 23

solutions that meet human economic and social needs while preserving the productivity or biodiversity of ecosystems over a long period of time

Question 24

Renewal Resources

Answer 24

resources are renewed through growth or other ongoing processes

Question 25

Physical distrubance

Answer 25

Humans reshape the physical structure of ecosystems by clearing forests, suppressing or setting fires, building roads and cities, mining, maintaining croplands, and building water control structures such as dams. This leads to biodiversity loss. It may also increase out exposure to forest fires, floods, droughts, soil erosion, landslides, and other physical hazards

Question 26

Resource depletion

Answer 26

when people use the resources so much that in the long run will run out

Question 27

Pollution

Answer 27

when humans release materials that harm biodiversity or human health

Question 28

Threats to Biodiversity?

Answer 28

Habitat Loss, Introduced species, overharvesting, animal products and the pet trade, and pollution

Question 29

Anthropogenic global climate change

Answer 29

the worldwide impact of climate change likely caused by human activity

Question 30

Nuclear envelope (nuclear membrane)

Answer 30

double-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus of a cell

Question 31

Cytoplasm

Answer 31

substance that fills the inside contents of a cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Question 32

Cytoskeleton

Answer 32

cell structure formed by a series of protein filaments; the scaffold for the cell structure and a framework for many cellular activities, including movement and cell division

Question 33

Mitochondria

Answer 33

the powerhouse of the eukaryotic cell

Question 34

Chloroplasts

Answer 34

organelle in a eukaryotic cells where photosynthesis occurs- the process that converts energy from the sun into chemical energy and generally involves the pigment chlorophyll. This organelle is surrounded by a double membrane and, like mitochondria, is also bacteria-like, so it contains its own DNA as a singular circular chromosome

Question 35

Vesicles

Answer 35

a membranous sac in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells used to isolate and transport materials in a cell

Question 36

Lysosomes

Answer 36

an organelle found only in eukaryotic animal cells that is responsible for keeping the cell clean by recycling cellular material and destroying external invaders

Question 37

Vacuoles

Answer 37

a type of vesicle containing mostly water that is found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells