Biology C190 Set 2

Question 1

Science

Answer 1

a process that helps us to understand how the natural world works

Question 2

Scientific inquiry

Answer 2

approach to asking and answering questions and is the best approach we have to understanding the natural world and predicting natural phenomena

Question 3

Biological macromolecules

Answer 3

relatively large molecules made by living organisms from smaller molecular building clocks; proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides/complex sugars

Question 4

Carbohydrates

Answer 4

extracellular surface of the cell membrane is decorated with carbohydrate groups attached to lipids and proteins; play a role in giving a cell its identity and are the distinguishing factor in human blood types

Question 5

Lipids

Answer 5

organic macromolecules that are largely nonpolar and as a result are hydrophobic; perform many functions in the cell including storage of energy for long-term use in the form of fats, insulation from the environment, and building clocks for hormones. (includes fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids

Question 6

Proteins

Answer 6

an organic macromolecule consisting of folded chains of amino acids, play a key role both structurally and functionally, catalyze all of the chemical reactions in the cell

Question 7

Nucleic Acids

Answer 7

Organic macromolecules, built from nucleotides, that carry out two main functions in the cell: storage of genetic information and synthesis of proteins; DNA and RNA

Question 8

Protons

Answer 8

positively charged subatomic particle that is contained in the nucleus and has a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit

Question 9

Neutrons

Answer 9

Subatomic particle with a neutral charge that is contained in the nucleus and has a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit

Question 10

Electron

Answer 10

have a negative charge designated by the negative sign; basically no mass and is found outside the nucleus in zones called shells

Question 11

Electronegativity

Answer 11

tendency of an atom to hold shared electrons more close to its nucleus. Ex. Oxygen is high so in a covalent bond the electrons will stay close to the oxygen

Question 12

Macroevolution

Answer 12

a change in a biological lineage including the origin or extinction of species. This is evolution beyond species level

Question 13

Speciation event

Answer 13

when an existing species splits or branches into two or more new species that evolve independently of each other

Question 14

Speciation

Answer 14

the formation of new biological lineage as one species splits into two or more species

Question 15

Homologous Features

Answer 15

shared/traits that were inherited from the same source and reflect common ancestry based on genes

Question 16

Fossil Record

Answer 16

the total number of fossils that have been discovered, as well as to the information derived from them

Question 17

Phylogenetic tree (phylogeny)

Answer 17

a tree diagram that represents a hypothesis as to how a biological lineage may have branched and formed clades over time

Question 18

Ecology

Answer 18

Study of how organisms relate to one another and to their environment

Question 18

Population

Answer 18

all individuals of the same species that occupy the same area and are likely to breed with one another

Question 19

Biosphere

Answer 19

all areas on, within, and around the planet Earth that are capable of supporting life

Question 20

Community

Answer 20

all of the populations interacting with each other within a specified area

Question 21

Interspecific Interaction

Answer 21

an effect of one population on another in a community