biology (bacteria) Flashcards
Prokaryotes
unicellular
no nucleus
no membrane bound organelles
Archaebacteria
ancient
extreme environments
gram negative
lack peptidoglycan
Eubacteria
most bacteria
every environment
gram positive
have peptidoglycan
diseases caused by bacteria
botulism anthrax cholera gonorrhoea leprosy pneumonia strep throat
bacterial infections are treated with ?
antibiotics
harmful effects of bacteria
food spoil
tooth decay
sour milk
E. coli in hamburger
helpful effects of bacteria
making yogurt make vinegar making cheese decompose organic waste nitrogen fixation
metabolism (energy)
Heterotrophs -chemoheterotrophs -photoheterotrophs Autotrophs -chemoautotrophs -photoautotrophs
reparation (releasing energy)
obligate aerobe
obligate anaerobes
facultative anaerobes
reproduction
asexual (daughter cells) and binary fission (dna replicates)
conjugation (cytoplasmic bridge)
endospore formation(unfavourable conditions, cell shrinks and creates a tough envelope, starts growing in better conditions)
cell wall
protection
cell membrane
allows certain molecules in and out of the cell
cytoplasm
transportation for nutrients and waste
chromatin
controls activity in the cell
gel coat
prevents the cell from drying out
flagellum
movement
chlorophyll membrane
absorbed light which is used for photosynthesis
ribosomes
protein synthesis
gram positive
gram stain purple
have peptidoglycan
eubacteria
gram negative
gram stain pink
NO peptidoglycan
archaebacteria
shapes
Cocci (singular: coccus) spherical
Bacilli (singular: bacillus) rod shaped
Spirilla (singular: spirillum)
movement
DO NOT MOVE
some move using flagellum
some snake or spiral forward
some glide on slime like material
antibiotic
a chemical used to treat bacterial infections
bacteria
the smallest and most common microorganisms that lack a nucleus
