Animalia

Question 1

animals are divided into 2 groups

what are they?

Answer 1

invertebrates
and
vertebrates

Question 2

levels of organization

Answer 2

cells
tissue
organs
organ systems

Question 3

body cavities

Answer 3

acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
true coelomate

Question 4

tissue layers

Answer 4

outer layer- ectoderm, skin, nerves and brain
inner layer- endoderm, lining of digestive track
middle layer- mesoderm, organs, respiration, circulation, reproduction

Question 5

signs of complexity

Answer 5

symmetry 
organs
specialized cells
body cavity 
cephalization

Question 6

what is a zygote

Answer 6

diploid cell made from egg and sperm

two sets of chromosomes

Question 7

development of a zygote

what is a blastula

Answer 7

ball of 64+ cells

Question 8

what is gastrulation

Answer 8

an indentation that forms in blastula

Question 9

body plans

Answer 9

sac body plan 
1 opening for both mouth and anus
tube within a tube
2 openings 
separate ends for mouth and anus

Question 10

when the indentation in the blastula goes all the way through

Answer 10

gastrula

Question 11

types of gastrulation

Answer 11

protosome- mouth was the blastopore

deuterosomes- anus was the blastopore

Question 12

chordates are ??

Answer 12

deuterosomes

Question 13

in the development of an animal what forms first?

Answer 13

digestive track

Question 14

an animal is?

Answer 14

multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic and their cells lack cell walls

Question 15

general characteristics of an animal

Answer 15

heterotrophic- must obtain food from other organisms
multicellular-made up of more than one cell
eukaryotic- cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
cell membrane- lack cell walls but have cell membrane

7 things animals do to survive 
respire 
excrete
feed
respond to environment
reproduce
move
circulate nutrients

Question 16

symmetry

Answer 16

asymmetrical-no symmetry
radial- two identical halves no matter how the animal is divided longitudinally(no head, jellyfish)
bilateral- definite right and left halves

Question 17

what is cephalization

Answer 17

more advanced animals will have a head and this has to do with bilateral symmetry

Question 18

symmetry
porifera has
cnidaria has

Answer 18

asymmetry

radial

Question 19

what is a coelom

Answer 19

a body cavity

Question 20

coelom structure
porifera?
cnidaria?

Answer 20

acoelomate

Question 21

what is an acoelomate?

Answer 21

no coelom
simple 
mesoderm fills middle (no organs)
endoderm lines inside of digestive system
ectoderm- outer skin

Question 22

what is a psudocoelomate?

Answer 22

false coelom
fluid filled
cavity lined with mesoderm
fluid for hydrostatic movement

Question 23

what is a true coelomate?

Answer 23

complex

organs fill coelom

Question 24

segmentation

Answer 24

repetition of body parts along the length of the body

Question 25

non-segmented

Answer 25

molluscs, clams, starfish, sea urchins

Question 26

segmented examples

Answer 26

annelid, earth worms and arthropods, crabs, bees

each segment has a specialized function

Question 27

dorsal

Answer 27

back

Question 28

ventral

Answer 28

stomach side

Question 29

anterior

Answer 29

head end

Question 30

posterior

Answer 30

tail end

Question 31

lateral

Answer 31

either side

Question 32

cephalization

Answer 32

gathering of sense organs and nerve cells at the anterior cells
nerve cells
ganglia
brain

Question 33

activities animals do to survive

Answer 33

feed
respire
internal transport 
excretion
response 
movement
reproduction

Question 34

Feed
herbivores? 
carnivores?
Parasites?
Filter feeders?
detritus feeders ?

Answer 34

feeds on plants
feeds on animals
feed either on the host of attached to the outer surface of the host
filters organisms out of water (sponges and clams)
feeds on decaying plants and animals
(scavengers)

Question 35

respire

Answer 35

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment

diffusion through cell membrane, skin and lungs

Question 36

internal transport

Answer 36

movement of gases, nutrients and waste around the organism

•cytoplast, then excretion and circulatory system(blood, blood vessels and heart)

Question 37

EXCRETION

Answer 37

diffusion of nitrogenous waste which is toxic to the body

first through the cell membrane of then the development of excretory system

flame cells, excretory pores, nephrons, kidney and bladder

Question 38

RESPONSE

Answer 38

nervous system and senses
responding to stimuli in the environment

chemical, light, sound, temperature receptors

development of nerve cells and tissue then nervous system

Question 39

MOVEMENT

Answer 39

sessile- spend adult life attached to something (sponges)
Motile- can move around free-living (jellyfish)
sedentary- can move but remains in one spot often (sea star)

Question 40

REPRODUCTION

Answer 40

asexual or sexual

the organism is a diploid, only sex cells or gametes are haploid

other organisms like insects, lay eggs and they hatch into larvae which then undergo metamorphosis to change into adult form

Question 41

animals are made up of more that one cell are called

Answer 41

multicellular

Question 42

an organism whose mouth forms second during gastrulation

Answer 42

dueterosomes

Question 43

body symmetry where the organism can be divided into left and right halves

Answer 43

bilateral