Biology B2 Sperm cells - structure and function Flashcards
Specialised cells
what is a haploid nucleus ?
It refers to a cell that contains half the number of chromosomes found in a typical body cell.
what is the name and how many chromosomes does the Human body have ?
Body cells are called diploid.
Human body cells have 46 chromosomes , arranged in 23 pairs.
what are examples of Haploid cells ?
Human sperm cells and Human egg cells. Spores and Pollen.
how many chromosomes do Haploid cells have ?
23 chromosomes.
why is the Haploid nucleus important in fertilisation
During fertilisation the sperm combines with the egg to form a diploid cell . This restores the chromosome number to 46 in the fertilised egg , which is necessary for normal growth and development.
how is the haploid nucleus crucial in sperm cells ?
It is crucial for maintaining the stability for chromosome numbers . It ensures that fertilisation results in a normal diploid zygote.
where is the acrosome located ?
It is located at the tip of the sperms cell head. It is an organelle that covers the sperms nucleus.
what is the function of acrosome’s in fertilisation
The acrosomes contain enzymes that are crucial for fertilization. The acrosome releases digestive enzymes which help break down protective layers surrounding the egg allowing the sperm to penetrate and fertilize it by creating a path through the outer membrane.
where is the mid- section located in the sperm cell ?
It is situated between the head and the tail.
what is another name for tail ?
Flagellum.
what is the structure of The mid - section in sperm cells ?
- packed with mitochondria , cells powerhouses.
what is the role of mitochondria in sperm cells
- Production of Energy : done though aerobic respiration . During the process of aerobic respiration glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide and water.
what is the function of mitochondria in fertilisation of sperm cells ?
Energy produced by mitochondria is essential for sperm movement. The flagellum of the sperm used energy produced to move the sperm cell forward , allowing it to swim towards the egg.
