Biology B: Unit 7 Natural Selection Flashcards
adaptation
a trait that gives an individual a survival advantage in a certain environment
adaptations
biological mechanisms that enable organisms to adapt to new environments
adapted
a term used to describe a species that has evolved characteristics and/or behaviors that can be inherited from generation to generation that allow the species to better survive and reproduce in a given environment
adaptive radiation
an evolutionary phenomenon in which populations of a single ancestral species become isolated and adapt to different ecosystems, evolving adaptations specific for that environment, which results in the evolution of several different but related species from a single ancestor over a relatively short amount of time from a geological perspective
allele
one of two or more alternate versions of a gene
allele frequency
the frequency with which a gene variant occurs in a given population
antigenic drift
a natural process seen in viruses in which mutations caused by the process of viral replication cause the virus to appear differently to the immune system
causation
when an observed event or action makes another event or action happen
competitive advantage
a trait of an organism that gives it a greater chance of surviving and reproducing in a given environment
correlation
a relationship between two sets of variables in which one variable responds to changes in another variable
data analysis
the process of observing, recording, and modeling data in order to discover useful information
dependent variable
a variable (represented on the y-axis of a graph) whose value is measured after changing the independent variable
evidence
information that supports or refutes a hypothesis
evolution
a change in the characteristics and/or behavior of a species or population over time
gene flow
the introduction or removal of certain alleles from the gene pool of a population due to migration of individuals into or out of the population
genetic drift
variation in the frequency of genes in a population due to random chance events, such as natural disasters or disease
genotype
the alleles carried in an individual’s DNA at a particular gene
genotype
the alleles for a certain gene within an individual
graph
a diagram that shows the relationship between two variables
haplotype mapping
a process by which the inheritance of a group of SNPs is used to establish ancestry or genealogy of a particular individual
Hardy-Weinberg equation
the equation and that shows that, in a given population, if the ratio of allele and genotype frequencies remains constant, then that population is in equilibrium
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
a state in which the allele frequencies of a population remain unchanged from one generation to the next
hemoglobin
an iron-containing red protein that is responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates
heritable trait
a trait that can be passed down genetically from parent to offspring
