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SCCA Biology > Biology B: Unit 3 Energy Flow > Flashcards

Biology B: Unit 3 Energy Flow Flashcards

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1
Q

acidophile

A

an organism that grows best at acidic (low) pH values

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2
Q

adenosine triphosphate

A

energy-carrying biological molecule that drives cellular activities when broken down

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3
Q

aerobic respiration

A

the process of producing cellular energy in the presence of oxygen

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4
Q

aerobic respiration

A

a process that produces cellular energy in the presence of oxygen

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5
Q

alkaliphile

A

an organism that grows best at high pH values

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6
Q

anaerobe

A

an organism that relies on just anaerobic respiration and is an important decomposer

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7
Q

anaerobe

A

an organism that can grow without oxygen present

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8
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

process that produces cellular energy without oxygen

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9
Q

autotroph

A

an organism that captures energy to produce its own food and provide the foundation of the food supply for other organisms

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10
Q

biodiversity

A

the number of organisms that an area has at any given time

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11
Q

biomagnification

A

the increase of toxic substances that have accumulated in organisms, which increases at each trophic level

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12
Q

biomass

A

the amount of organisms in a given area or volume in an ecosystem

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13
Q

biomass

A

the amount of organisms in a given area or volume

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14
Q

cell membrane

A

a double layer of lipids and proteins that surrounds a cell and separates the cytoplasm from its surrounding environment

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15
Q

cellular respiration

A

a process that converts oxygen and sugar into chemical energy and carbon dioxide

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16
Q

cellular respiration

A

the process of using glucose and oxygen to create energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP

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17
Q

cellular respiration

A

a catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for use by the cell

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18
Q

chemical energy

A

energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds, such as those in glucose

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19
Q

chemosynthesis

A

a process that uses chemical energy instead of light energy by converting carbon or methane into organic matter using inorganic molecules such as hydrogen sulfide or methane as an energy source.

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20
Q

consumer

A

an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter

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21
Q

decomposer

A

an organism that decomposes organic matter and returns the nutrients to the soil, air, and water

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22
Q

decomposer

A

an organism, usually a bacterium or fungus, that breaks down the cells of dead plants and animals into simpler substances

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23
Q

detritivore

A

a heterotroph that decomposes organic material and returns the nutrients to the soil, air, and water

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24
Q

endolith

A

an organism that lives inside rock or between mineral grains

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25
Q

eukaryotic

A

a cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelle that is generally larger and more complex

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26
Q

extremophile

A

an organism that lives in extreme conditions, such as minimal sunlight and high or low temperatures

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27
Q

food chain

A

a simplified model that shows a single path in which energy and matter flow through an ecosystem

28
Q

food web

A

a model that shows many interconnected pathways through which energy and matter flow through an ecosystem

29
Q

food web

A

all of the food chains in an ecosystem

30
Q

gross primary productivity

A

(GPP) the amount of organic, carbon-based material that is produced by photosynthesis

31
Q

gross primary productivity

A

the overall amount of energy captured by plants and other photosynthetic organisms

32
Q

halophile

A

an organism requiring high amounts of salt for growth

33
Q

heterotroph

A

an organism that cannot make its own food and receives its nutrients and energy by feeding on other organisms

34
Q

invasive species

A

any kind of living organism that is not native to the ecosystem and causes harm

35
Q

keystone species

A

the organisms an ecosystem heavily depends on to keep balance

36
Q

law of conservation of mass

A

matter cannot be created or destroyed

37
Q

matter

A

anything that takes up space and has mass

38
Q

mitochondria

A

a membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is available to the rest of the cell

39
Q

net primary productivity

A

(NPP) the measure of the amount of organic material produced minus the amount of organic material used during life processes such as respiration

40
Q

net primary productivity

A

the adjusted amount of energy in an ecosystem due to energy use by organisms for respiration

41
Q

omnivore

A

an organism that eats both plants and animals

42
Q

photosynthesis

A

the process in which the sun’s light energy is converted into chemical energy for use by the cell

43
Q

photosynthesis

A

process where green plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy using carbon dioxide and water

44
Q

photosynthesis

A

process during which green plants and some other organisms use carbon dioxide and water to convert light energy into chemical energy

45
Q

photosynthesis

A

the process during which green plants and some other organisms use carbon dioxide and water to convert light energy into chemical energy

46
Q

photosynthesis

A

the process during which plants and some other organisms use carbon dioxide and water to convert light energy into chemical energy

47
Q

photosynthesis

A

the process during which green plants and some other organisms use carbon dioxide and water to convert light energy into chemical energy

48
Q

photosynthesis

A

the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy

49
Q

primary consumer

A

an organism that only eats autotrophs or plants

50
Q

primary consumer

A

an organism that feeds on producers such as plants. A primary consumer is also known as an herbivore.

51
Q

primary consumer

A

an organism, also known as an herbivore, that feeds on producers, such as plants

52
Q

primary consumers

A

an organism that feeds on producers such as plants

53
Q

primary productivity

A

the rate at which plants and other photosynthetic organisms produce organic compounds

54
Q

primary productivity

A

the rate that plants and other photosynthetic organisms produce organic compounds

55
Q

producer

A

an organism that produces its own food

56
Q

producer

A

an organism that makes its own food. Producers are also known as autotrophs. A plant is an example.

57
Q

producer

A

an organism, also known as an autotroph, that makes its own food

58
Q

producers

A

an organism that makes its own food

59
Q

prokaryotic

A

a cell without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

60
Q

radiant energy

A

energy from the sun (also known as light energy)

61
Q

secondary consumer

A

an organism that feeds on primary consumers

62
Q

secondary consumer

A

an organism that feeds on primary consumers (herbivores)

63
Q

sustainability

A

the ability to maintain a certain rate of coexistence between the biosphere and humans

64
Q

ten-percent rule

A

when energy is passed from one trophic level to the next, only about ten percent of the energy will be available

65
Q

tertiary (third) consumers

A

top-level consumers that are carnivores and feed on secondary consumers

66
Q

trophic level

A

the level in which organisms are found within the food chain

67
Q

trophic level

A

the position or level of an organism on the food chain or in an energy pyramid

SCCA Biology (7 decks)

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