Biology B: Unit 3 Energy Flow

Question 1

acidophile

Answer 1

an organism that grows best at acidic (low) pH values

Question 2

adenosine triphosphate

Answer 2

energy-carrying biological molecule that drives cellular activities when broken down

Question 3

aerobic respiration

Answer 3

the process of producing cellular energy in the presence of oxygen

Question 4

aerobic respiration

Answer 4

a process that produces cellular energy in the presence of oxygen

Question 5

alkaliphile

Answer 5

an organism that grows best at high pH values

Question 6

anaerobe

Answer 6

an organism that relies on just anaerobic respiration and is an important decomposer

Question 7

anaerobe

Answer 7

an organism that can grow without oxygen present

Question 8

anaerobic respiration

Answer 8

process that produces cellular energy without oxygen

Question 9

autotroph

Answer 9

an organism that captures energy to produce its own food and provide the foundation of the food supply for other organisms

Question 10

biodiversity

Answer 10

the number of organisms that an area has at any given time

Question 11

biomagnification

Answer 11

the increase of toxic substances that have accumulated in organisms, which increases at each trophic level

Question 12

biomass

Answer 12

the amount of organisms in a given area or volume in an ecosystem

Question 13

biomass

Answer 13

the amount of organisms in a given area or volume

Question 14

cell membrane

Answer 14

a double layer of lipids and proteins that surrounds a cell and separates the cytoplasm from its surrounding environment

Question 15

cellular respiration

Answer 15

a process that converts oxygen and sugar into chemical energy and carbon dioxide

Question 16

cellular respiration

Answer 16

the process of using glucose and oxygen to create energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP

Question 17

cellular respiration

Answer 17

a catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for use by the cell

Question 18

chemical energy

Answer 18

energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds, such as those in glucose

Question 19

chemosynthesis

Answer 19

a process that uses chemical energy instead of light energy by converting carbon or methane into organic matter using inorganic molecules such as hydrogen sulfide or methane as an energy source.

Question 20

consumer

Answer 20

an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter

Question 21

decomposer

Answer 21

an organism that decomposes organic matter and returns the nutrients to the soil, air, and water

Question 22

decomposer

Answer 22

an organism, usually a bacterium or fungus, that breaks down the cells of dead plants and animals into simpler substances

Question 23

detritivore

Answer 23

a heterotroph that decomposes organic material and returns the nutrients to the soil, air, and water

Question 24

endolith

Answer 24

an organism that lives inside rock or between mineral grains

Question 25

eukaryotic

Answer 25

a cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelle that is generally larger and more complex

Question 26

extremophile

Answer 26

an organism that lives in extreme conditions, such as minimal sunlight and high or low temperatures

Question 27

food chain

Answer 27

a simplified model that shows a single path in which energy and matter flow through an ecosystem

Question 28

food web

Answer 28

a model that shows many interconnected pathways through which energy and matter flow through an ecosystem

Question 29

food web

Answer 29

all of the food chains in an ecosystem

Question 30

gross primary productivity

Answer 30

(GPP) the amount of organic, carbon-based material that is produced by photosynthesis

Question 31

gross primary productivity

Answer 31

the overall amount of energy captured by plants and other photosynthetic organisms

Question 32

halophile

Answer 32

an organism requiring high amounts of salt for growth

Question 33

heterotroph

Answer 33

an organism that cannot make its own food and receives its nutrients and energy by feeding on other organisms

Question 34

invasive species

Answer 34

any kind of living organism that is not native to the ecosystem and causes harm

Question 35

keystone species

Answer 35

the organisms an ecosystem heavily depends on to keep balance

Question 36

law of conservation of mass

Answer 36

matter cannot be created or destroyed

Question 37

matter

Answer 37

anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 38

mitochondria

Answer 38

a membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is available to the rest of the cell

Question 39

net primary productivity

Answer 39

(NPP) the measure of the amount of organic material produced minus the amount of organic material used during life processes such as respiration

Question 40

net primary productivity

Answer 40

the adjusted amount of energy in an ecosystem due to energy use by organisms for respiration

Question 41

omnivore

Answer 41

an organism that eats both plants and animals

Question 42

photosynthesis

Answer 42

the process in which the sun’s light energy is converted into chemical energy for use by the cell

Question 43

photosynthesis

Answer 43

process where green plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy using carbon dioxide and water

Question 44

photosynthesis

Answer 44

process during which green plants and some other organisms use carbon dioxide and water to convert light energy into chemical energy

Question 45

photosynthesis

Answer 45

the process during which green plants and some other organisms use carbon dioxide and water to convert light energy into chemical energy

Question 46

photosynthesis

Answer 46

the process during which plants and some other organisms use carbon dioxide and water to convert light energy into chemical energy

Question 47

photosynthesis

Answer 47

the process during which green plants and some other organisms use carbon dioxide and water to convert light energy into chemical energy

Question 48

photosynthesis

Answer 48

the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy

Question 49

primary consumer

Answer 49

an organism that only eats autotrophs or plants

Question 50

primary consumer

Answer 50

an organism that feeds on producers such as plants. A primary consumer is also known as an herbivore.

Question 51

primary consumer

Answer 51

an organism, also known as an herbivore, that feeds on producers, such as plants

Question 52

primary consumers

Answer 52

an organism that feeds on producers such as plants

Question 53

primary productivity

Answer 53

the rate at which plants and other photosynthetic organisms produce organic compounds

Question 54

primary productivity

Answer 54

the rate that plants and other photosynthetic organisms produce organic compounds

Question 55

producer

Answer 55

an organism that produces its own food

Question 56

producer

Answer 56

an organism that makes its own food. Producers are also known as autotrophs. A plant is an example.

Question 57

producer

Answer 57

an organism, also known as an autotroph, that makes its own food

Question 58

producers

Answer 58

an organism that makes its own food

Question 59

prokaryotic

Answer 59

a cell without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

Question 60

radiant energy

Answer 60

energy from the sun (also known as light energy)

Question 61

secondary consumer

Answer 61

an organism that feeds on primary consumers

Question 62

secondary consumer

Answer 62

an organism that feeds on primary consumers (herbivores)

Question 63

sustainability

Answer 63

the ability to maintain a certain rate of coexistence between the biosphere and humans

Question 64

ten-percent rule

Answer 64

when energy is passed from one trophic level to the next, only about ten percent of the energy will be available

Question 65

tertiary (third) consumers

Answer 65

top-level consumers that are carnivores and feed on secondary consumers

Question 66

trophic level

Answer 66

the level in which organisms are found within the food chain

Question 67

trophic level

Answer 67

the position or level of an organism on the food chain or in an energy pyramid