Biology 9: Respiration

Question 1

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration (also balanced)?

Answer 1

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 2

Why does the body respond to exercise in this way (increase in heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume)?

Answer 2

• To increase the rate of supply of Glucose and Oxygen to the muscles
• To increase the rate of removal of Carbon Dioxide from the muscles

Question 3

How does the body respond to exercise?

Answer 3

• Increase in heart rate
• Increase in breathing rate
• Increase in breath volume
• Increase on the flow of oxygenate blood to the muscles
• Glycogen stores in the muscles are converted to Glucose for cellular respiration

Question 4

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 4

-Most reactions take place in the mitochondria of your cells

Question 5

What does the liver first convert lactic acid into?

Answer 5

-Glucose

Question 6

How is the energy transferred during respiration used?

Answer 6

-Used to enable muscles to contract

Question 7

Why do stores of glycogen change with exercise?

Answer 7

-They are converted to Glucose for cellular respiration

Question 8

What does the hepatic portal vein do?

Answer 8

-Carries blood containing digested food from the intestines to the liver

Question 9

What is the function of glycogen?

Answer 9

• Muscles store Glucose as glycogen
• Glycogen can be converted back to Glucose to use during exercise
• The glucose is used in aerobic respiration to transfer the energy needed to make your muscles contract

Question 10

What is metabolism?

Answer 10

-The sum of all the reactions that place in a cell or in the body

Question 11

What are the 6 most common metabolic reactions?

Answer 11

• Coversion of Glucose to starch, glycogen, and cellulose
• The formation of lipids from molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids
• Use of Glucose and Nitrate ions to form amino acids to make proteins
• The reactions of respiration
• The reactions of photosynthesis
• Forming Urea, the breakdown of excess proteins in the liver to form urea for excretion in the urine by the kidneys

Question 12

What does the liver do with unneeded Glucose?

Answer 12

-It stores it as glycogen

Question 13

Where does anaerobic respiration take place?

Answer 13

-In the fluid portion of the Cytoplasm of cells

Question 14

What are 5 uses of fermentation?

Answer 14

• Yoghurt
• Alcohol
• Pickles
• Bread
• Fuel

Question 15

What ways is energy from respiration used by the organism?

Answer 15

• Build up large molecules from smaller ones to make new cell material
• Break down larger molecules to smaller ones during digestion and within the cell
• Enable animal muscles to contract so that the animals can move
• Keep mammals and birds body temp steady when their surroundings are colder than they are
• Move mineral ions such as nitrates from the soil into root hair cells
• Convert sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids, which are built up into proteins

Question 16

What is an oxygen debt?

Answer 16

-The amount of Oxygen needed to break down the Lactic acid to Carbon Dioxide and Water

Question 17

Define aerobic respiration:

Answer 17

-A type of respiration in which Oxygen is taken in and Carbon Dioxide and Water are produced

Question 18

What are the metabolic functions of the liver?

Answer 18

• Detoxifying poisonous substances e.g. Ethanol from alcoholic drinks
• Passing the breakdown products into the blood
• Breaking down old, worn out blood cells
• Storing the iron from haemoglobin until it is needed to synthesize more blood cells

Question 19

When is Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide a result of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 19

-In plant cells and some microorganisms such as yeast

Question 20

How can you show that Carbon Dioxide is released durobg aerobic respiration?

Answer 20

• Add limewater if it goes cloudy them Carbon Dioxide is present
• The higher the concentration of Carbon Dioxide, the quicker the limewater goes cloudy

Question 21

What does the hepatic artery do?

Answer 21

-Brings oxygenated blood to the liver

Question 22

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 22

Glucose + Oxygen —-> Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ energy)

Question 23

Why does anaerobic respiration take place?

Answer 23

• If Muscles work hard for a long time, they become fatigued and don’t contract efficiently.
• If they don’t get enough Oxygen, they will respire Anaerobicallu

Question 24

Why do muscles get tired diring exercise?

Answer 24

-Due to the build up pf lactic acid

Question 25

Is aerobic respiration an Exothermic or Endothermic reaction?

Answer 25

Cellular respiration is an Exothermic reaction because energy is transferred to he environment

Question 26

What does the hepatic vein do?

Answer 26

-Carries blood from the liver on to the heart with levels if food adjusted

Question 27

Explain why respiration is an exothermic reaction?

Answer 27

-Because during the process, oxidation of Glucose takes place which generates large amount of heat energy

Question 28

What does the build up of lactic acid in the muscles as a result of anaerobic respiration create?

Answer 28

-An Oxygen debt

Question 29

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 29

Glucose —-> Lactic acid (+ energy)

Question 30

After the liver converts lactic acid into Glucose what is it then converted into?

Answer 30

-Carbon Dioxide and Water using aerobic respiration

Question 31

Fermentation Equation:

Answer 31

Glucose —-> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide (+ Energy)

Question 32

How does the liver help in removing lactic acid?

Answer 32

-Blood flowing through the muscles transports lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back to Glucose

Question 33

Define anaerobic respiration:

Answer 33

-The incomplete breakdown of Glucose in the absense of Oxygen and aerobic respiration

Question 34

How is the energy transferred by respiration in cells used?

Answer 34

-Used by the organism for the continual enzyme-controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules

Question 35

What is the metabolic rate?

Answer 35

-The rate at which metabolism occurs in a living organism