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Biology 1 > Biology 7 > Flashcards

Biology 7 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Transcription

A

Build mRNA from DNA

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2
Q

Translation

A

Converts mRNA message into a polypeptide/protein

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3
Q

Point Mutation

A

When one base pair is altered but reading frame of codons is not affected. Silent, substitution, premature stop

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4
Q

Frameshift mutation

A

Changes the reading frame of codes. Insertion and deletion

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5
Q

Silent mutation

A

Base pair is substituted but the change codes the same

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6
Q

Substitution/ Missense

A

A base pair is substituted and the new codon codes for a different amino acid. Most likely will not work

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7
Q

Premature stop/ Nonsense

A

When a substitution results in the formation of a STOP codon before all of the codons have been read and translated by the ribosome.

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8
Q

Insertion

A

One or more base pairs is added to a sequence (one dangling base)

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9
Q

Deletion

A

One or more base pairs is lost from a sequence (Two left over)

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10
Q

4 main stages to the cell cycle

A

G1, S, G2, M

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11
Q

G1

A

cells grow- replicate organelles

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12
Q

S

A

Synthesis DNA is copied

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13
Q

G2

A

More growth

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14
Q

M

A

2 steps- Mitosis and cytokinesis

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15
Q

Mitosis

A

division of cell nucleus

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16
Q

Cytokinesis

A

division of cytoplam

17
Q

Cells divide at different rates

A

Prokaryotes divde faster than eukaryotes

18
Q

Rate of division depends on bodies need for those cells

A

Embryos (fastest), Children (fast), Adults (slowest)

19
Q

Condenses/ coils at the start of mitosis

A

chromosomes

20
Q

Body cells have _ chromosomes each

A

46

21
Q

During mitosis DNA must tightly coil up into

A

Chromosomes. If it remained loose it could become tangled

22
Q

Chromatin

A

Loosley coiled DNA

23
Q

2 identical chromatids

A

sister chromatids

24
Q

Interphase

A

prepares cell to divide all genetic material

25
Q

Cell division is _ in cancer

A

Uncontrolled

26
Q

Breakdown in the regulation of the cancer cell cycle

A

divides more frequently than healthy cells

27
Q

Benign tumore

A

cells will remain clustered together

28
Q

Malignant tumor

A

Cells ran away/ metastasis

Biology 1 (11 decks)

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