Biology

Question 1

What happens during differentiation to form a specialised cell?

Answer 1

Cell acquires different sub-cellular structures which enable the cell to carry out its specific function.

Question 2

What is the real name for a plant cell?

Answer 2

Palisade cell

Question 3

What does a muscle cell do?

Answer 3

Contracts to cause movement

Question 4

What does a nerve cell do?

Answer 4

Carries electrical impulses

Question 5

Why is cell enlargement important in the growth of a baby?

Answer 5

Cells must get bigger before they can divide

Question 6

Describe the process of mitosis

Answer 6

The DNA replicates
One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell
The nucleus divides
Cytoplasm and/or cell membrane divides
2 daughter cells form
Each daughter cell has identical DNA

Question 7

Explain why cell differentiation is important in the development and growth of a baby from a fertilised egg

Answer 7

Different types of cells are needed for different functions

Specialised cells make different organs/parts of the body

Question 8

Where in a plant are stem cells found?

Answer 8

Tip of roots

Question 9

Evaluate the use of embryonic stem cells and stem cells from adult bone marrow in the treatment of human diseases

Answer 9

Embryonic stem cells can treat a wide range of diseases, it is a painless procedure. However, you risk possible harm to the embryo which can’t give consent.
Adult bone marrow stem cells are a well tried and reliable technique and there are no ethical issues. However, people may not want to be donors as it is painful and fewer diseases can be treated.

Question 10

Name the chemical the cell wall is made of

Answer 10

Cellulose

Question 11

Which part of the cell controls what enters and leaves the cell?

Answer 11

Cell membrane

Question 12

In which part of the cell does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 12

Chloroplast

Question 13

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 13

Protein synthesis

Question 14

In which type of animal cell would you find a lot of mitochondria?

Answer 14

Muscle cell as they transfer a lot of energy

Question 15

Give an adaptation of the sperm cell

Answer 15

Nucleus only contains 23 chromosomes to produce a full set of chromosomes at fertilisation

Question 16

If you observed something that looked 22mm long under a magnification of 400x what would the real size of the cell be?

Answer 16

22mm (size of image) / 400 (magnification) = 0.055mm

Converted to micrometres is 55um

Question 17

When observing a slide under the microscope you must first use the lowest power objective lens, why is this important?

Answer 17

So you have a bigger field of view and so it’s easier to use