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Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the cuticle

A

Is the waxy, water repelling layer top and bottom surfaces of a leaf; it helps keep the leaf from drying out

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2
Q

What is the function of the guard cell

A

They change the shape causing the stoma to open and close

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3
Q

What is the function of the stoma

A

A pore in a leaf where water vapour and other gases leave and enter the plant

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4
Q

What is the function of the palisade mesophyll

A

Contains lots of chloroplast and is where photosynthesis mainly occurs

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5
Q

What is the function of the spongy mesophyll

A

Irregularly shaped cells with many air spaces between the cells. These cells contain some chlorophyll

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6
Q

Pedicel

A

the stalk bearing a flower/fruit or the main stalk of an inflorescence

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7
Q

Receptacle

A

Is the thickened part of a stem from which the flower organs grow

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8
Q

Sepal

A

Function as protection for e flower in bud and support the petals when in bloom

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9
Q

Petal

A

Modified leaves that surround he reproductive parts of flowers

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10
Q

Perianth

A

Is the non-reproductive part of the flower and the structure that forms and envelope for sexual organs

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11
Q

Filament

A

The part that produces pollen

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12
Q

MRSGREN

A

Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition

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13
Q

Describe the organization of the human body

A

Cells–>tissue–>organ–>organ system–>organism

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14
Q

Organization of flowering plants

A

Cells–>tissue–>organ–>organ system–>organism

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15
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis

A

Sun

Water and carbon dioxide—–>glucose and oxygen

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16
Q

Phloem

A

the vascular tissue in plants which conducts sugars and other metabolic products downwards from the leaves.

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17
Q

Xylem

A

The xylem transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from the roots throughout the plant.

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18
Q

Endodermis

A

The endodermal layer in a plant, almost always in the root, regulates the water and other substances that get into the plant.

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19
Q

Cortex

A

The outer layer of tissue immediately below the epidermis of a stem in a root

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20
Q

Vascular bundles

A

a strand of conducting vessels in the stem or leaves of a plant, typically with phloem on the outside and xylem on the inside

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21
Q

Pith

A

Pith, or medulla, is a tissue in the stems of vascular plants. Pith is composed of soft, spongy parenchyma cells, which store and transport nutrients throughout the plant.

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22
Q

Teeth

A

Bite, tear and crushes food into smaller pieces

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23
Q

Epiglottis

A

When you swallow it covers your voice box, stopping food from entering your windpipe.

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24
Q

Liver

A

Produces bile

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25
Q

Gal bladder

A

Stores bile

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26
Q

Bile duct

A

Carry bile from the liver, gal bladder through pancreas to duodenum

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27
Q

Colon

A

Part of the large intestine, the final part of the digestive system that reabsorbs fluids to eliminate it

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28
Q

Appendix

A

Tube attached to and opening into te lower end of the large intestine

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29
Q

Salivary gland

A

Produces saliva that contain enzymes that break down food

30
Q

Tongue

A

Mixes food with saliva, forms a bolus, and pushes food to the back of the mouth

31
Q

Oesophagus

A

Connects mouth to the stomach and pushes food down to stomach

32
Q

Stomach

A

Churns up food

33
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunum

34
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces digestive juices which contains enzymes to break down fats, carbohydrates and proteins

35
Q

Ileum

A

Third portion of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the caecum

36
Q

Rectum

A

The final section of the large intestine terminating at the anus.(where you poop)

37
Q

Mouth(cow)

A

Has 32 teeth. The top jaw has no teeth. When a cow is grazing it is actually ripping up sections of plant material.

38
Q

Oesophagus(cow)

A

Brings food from the pharynx to the stomach and also easily work in the other direction, bringing material from the stomach to the mouth

39
Q

Reticulum(cow)

A

Rough and honeycomb like. Has a small pouch that acts as a trap for large objects leaving the rumen

40
Q

Rumen(cow)

A

Muscular and covered in papillae

41
Q

Omasum(cow)

A

Is a highly folded organ that holds about two and a half gallons of material. It has small projections on its surface that allows it to act as a sort or sieve

42
Q

Abomasum(cow)

A

Relieves food from the omasum and passes to the small intestine

43
Q

Small intestine(cow)

A

Is longer in the cow because it needs more area so it has more time to absorb nutrients from food it is digestion

44
Q

Large intestine(cow)

A

Absorbs, re-circulates and conserves water. Also a major site of mineral absorption

45
Q

Compare and contrast human digestive system and cow digestive system

A

Human Cow
Is longer Regurgitate food
Has enzymes to digest proteins Don’t have enzymes
Have strong and sharp canines Have blunt canines
4 canines 2 canines
Simple one chambered stomach Rumen can hold up to 150L
Don’t regurgitate food Complex rumen with 4 chambers

46
Q

Mouth

A

the opening and cavity in the lower part of the human face, surrounded by the lips, through which food is taken in and vocal sounds are emitted.

47
Q

Nasal cavity

A

The function of the nasal cavity is to warm, moisturize, and filter air entering the body before it reaches the lungs.

48
Q

Pharynx

A

A tube connecting the throat, nose and lungs

49
Q

Larynx

A

It manipulates pitch and volume. The larynx houses the vocal folds (vocal cords), which are essential for phonation.

50
Q

Trachea

A

The trachea (or windpipe) is a wide, hollow tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs. It is an integral part of the body’s airway and has the vital function of providing air flow to and from the lungs for respiration.

51
Q

Bronchus

A

bronchus are extensions of the windpipe that shuttle air to and from the lungs.

52
Q

Bronchiole

A

are the passageways by which air passes through the nose or mouth to the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs

53
Q

Air sac

A

A lung compartment containing air an alveolus

54
Q

Alveolus

A

Any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange

55
Q

Compare and contrast fish and human respiratory system

A

Humans uses lungs to breath fish use gills. Humans expel gases grouch mouth and nose,fish expel gases through its mouth. Humans have one blood capillary and fish have two. Humans use a larynx and fish don’t. Humans have a four chambered heart and fish have a two chambered heart

56
Q

Where does a fish get its oxygen from

A

From the water

57
Q

Describe the passage of water over the gills

A

It flows through the mouth, over the gills then out

58
Q

Why do the gills have an excellent blood supply

A

Dissolved oxygen moves into the blood and travels to the fish’s cells. The oxygen can be absorbed straight away

59
Q

Why can’t a fish breathe in the air

A

They can’t breathe out of water because the gills don’t have enough surface area to breathe oxygen, water is required to run through the gills

60
Q

Describe asexual reproduction using the amoeba as an example

A

At a certain size it divides then it is pulled and the information in the nucleus duplicates then divides. The cell body begins to divide when the nucleus has split. Two daughter cells are formed.

61
Q

Compare and contrast the asexual and sexual reproduction

A

Asexual Sexual
One parent Two parents
One cell splits Two cells join
Offspring are genetically identical Offspring have a mixture of
genetics from both parents

62
Q

Part of female frog reproductive system

Ostium

A

He uterine tube may refer to the proximal or distal opening of the tube also called the Fallopian tube. ( the opening of the oviduct funnel )

63
Q

Part of female frog reproductive system

Ovarian funnel

A

Collects and guides the eggs down to the oviducts after their release from the ovaries

64
Q

Part of female frog reproductive system

Ovarian tube

A

The eggs are covered in a protective jelly-like substance as they pass through the oviduct

65
Q

Part of female frog reproductive system

Ovisac

A

The jelly covered eggs are temporarily stored in the Ovisac

66
Q

Part of female frog reproductive system

Cloacal chamber

A

The eggs collect here just before they are released into the water

67
Q

Part of female frog reproductive system

Cloacal aperture

A

Opening of the cloacal chamber, the eggs pass through here before being released into the water

68
Q

Part of male frog reproductive system

Vasa efferentia

A

Tubes leading from he testes across to the excretory ducts( tubes ) of the kidneys

69
Q

Part of male frog reproductive system

Urinogenital duct

A

A tube that carries both sperm and waste products to the outside world

70
Q

Part of male frog reproductive system

Cloaca

A

Where sperm or waste products are temporarily stored before release to the outside world

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