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me > biology 4th > Flashcards

biology 4th Flashcards

1
Q

As a cell grows, its ___ increases more than its ___.

A

. volume, surface area

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2
Q

. the uncontrolled division of cells that results in malignant growth

A

cancer

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3
Q

the sequence of growth and division of a cell

A

cell cycle

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4
Q

During which phase of Interphase does the DNA replicate?

A

s phase

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5
Q

When cells divide, they make two ____ cells.

A

daughter

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6
Q

What is a term for programmed cell death?

A

apoptosis

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7
Q

the phase in mitosis where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and the nucleus disappears

A

metaphase

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8
Q

The causes of cancer may include which of the following?
a. environmental influences b. UV radiation c. viruses d. all of these

A

all of these

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9
Q

is a critical point where stop and go signals can regulate the cycle

A

checkpoint

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10
Q

The stage where chromosomes condense and the nucleus is visible

A

prophase

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11
Q

the phase in mitosis where chromosomes move away and are pulled by spindles to opposite sides of the cell.

A

anaphase

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12
Q

In which stage of the cell cycle do the nucleus and its contents divide?

A

mitosis

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13
Q

Which of the following phrases best describes cytokinesis

A

division of cytoplasm

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14
Q

Which phrase best describes cancer?

A

uncontrolled cell growth

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15
Q

the phase in mitosis where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and the nucleus disappears.

A

metaphase

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16
Q

the stage in the cell cycle where cells spend the majority of their life

A

interphase

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17
Q

How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis?

A

2 new cells

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18
Q

At what phase do the chromosomes come split APART?

A

anaphase

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19
Q

Where is DNA located in the eukaryotic cell?

A

nucleus

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20
Q

How many phases are in mitosis?

A

4

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21
Q

What is the first phase of mitosis?

A

anaphase

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21
Q

A cell has 12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?

A

12

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22
Q

DNA replication occurs during…

A

interphase

23
Q

Most of the life of any cell is spent in a period of growth called

A

interphase

24
Q

Which choice best describes the cell cycle?
a. Cells grow and develop during interphase. Cells reproduce during the mitotic phase.
b. Cells grow and develop during the mitotic phase. Cells reproduce during interphase.
c. The nucleus of a cell divides during interphase. The cytoplasm of a cell divides during the mitotic phase.
d. The nucleus of a cell divides during the mitotic phase. The cytoplasm of a cell divides interphase.

A

a. Cells grow and develop during interphase. Cells reproduce during the mitotic phase

25
Q

How long does it take for most dividing human cells to complete a cell cycle?

A

a day

26
Q

What is the first thing that happens when a new cell is produced?

A

gets larger

26
Q

During which stage of interphase do cells perform their normal cell functions (such as growing and making enzymes to digest
your food)?

A

G1

27
Q

During which stage of interphase do cells copy their DNA

A

s stage

28
Q

. During which stage of interphase do cells store energy in final preparation for use in the mitotic phase?

A

G2

29
Q

During the S stage of interphase, pairs of identical chromosomes are held together by which structure?

A

centromere

30
Q

Identify two stages of the mitotic phase

A

prophase and metaphase

31
Q

If a cell has 22 duplicated chromosomes, how many chromatids does it have?

A

44

32
Q

What is the shortest phase of the cell cycle?

A

mitotic phase

33
Q

Which type of cell divides by the cell membrane pinching together until the two cells split apart?

A

animal

34
Q

How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle?
a. The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA.
b. The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
c. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
d. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA.
e. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and twice the amount of DNA

A

d

35
Q

Which of the following is NOT a result of cell division?
a. reproduction b. nutrition c. growth d. repair

A

nutrition

36
Q

For a newly evolving protist, what would be the advantage of using eukaryote -like cell division rather than binary fission?
a. Binary fission would not allow for the formation of new organisms.
b. Cell division would allow for the orderly and efficient segregation of multiple linear chromosomes.
c. Cell division would be faster than binary fission.
d. Cell division allows for lower rates of error per chromosome replication.
e. Binary fission would not allow the organism to have complex cells.

A

b

37
Q

What is a chromatid

A

a chromosome in G1 of the cell cycle

38
Q

Which of the following is true about the attachment of sister chromatid to kinetochore in this phase?

A

The sister chromatids separate

39
Q

Nuclear envelope breaks down finally in _

A

late prophase

40
Q
  1. The movement of the chromosome in metaphase is known as __
A

congression

40
Q

Choose the statement that doesn’t agree with the metaphase 1?
a. Only one kinetochore is presented by 1 chromosome c. There exists attraction between the homologous
b. Chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibers d. They are lined along an equatorial plate

A

c. There exists attraction between the homologous

40
Q

The anaphase 1 shows which of the following?
a. Chromatids separate to one pole c. The chromosomes separate to 4 cells
b. Centromere is 1st to separate d. Each homologue reaches opposite pole

A

d. Each homologue reaches opposite pole

40
Q

If your cell has 24 chromatids, what will be the number of a chromosome at each pole after anaphase 1?

A

6

41
Q

Which of the following agrees with telophase 1?
a. The chromosomes de-condensed c. The nuclear membrane breaks down
b. The sister chromatids of the bivalent is visible d. It is of very long duration

A

c

42
Q

Choose the wrong statement.
a. In most animals telophase 1 is absent c. The cell passes into diffuse interphase
b. The chromosomes can’t relax and are compacted d. The nuclear membrane reforms

A

b

43
Q

Choose the statement that is not true for meiosis 2.
a. Doubled chromosomes line along equatorial plate c. The chromosome number is reduced
b. Karyokinesis is followed y cytokinesis d. The anaphase chromosomes start to separat from the centre

A

a

43
Q

Which of the following will show telophase1?
a. Trillium b. Mangifera c. Canines d. Homo sapiens

A

mangifera

43
Q

The prophase 2 of meiosis is ______________ mitotic prophase.
a. Same as b. Similar to c. Different from d. Unrelated

A

b

44
Q

How many cells are produced by meiosis 2?

A

4

45
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?
a. Two chromosomes with differing sets of genes, in the same sequence, with the same alleles
b. Two chromosomes with the same set of genes, in a different sequence, with the same alleles
c. Two chromosomes with a different set of genes, in the same sequence, with different alleles
d. Two chromosomes with the same set of genes, in the same sequence, sometimes with different alleles

A

d

46
Q

Which processes always occur in meiosis but not normally in mitosis?
I. Chiasmata formation
II. Recombination of genes
III. Separation of homologous chromosomes

A

i and iii

47
Q

A diploid cell in a gorilla has 48 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will be present in a haploid gorilla cell?

A

24

48
Q

A cell with a diploid number of 12 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. What will be the product at the end of meiosis

A

4 cells , 12 chromosomes

49
Q

What is a difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?
a. Autosomes are not found in gametes but sex chromosomes are.
b. Sex chromosomes are found in animal cells and autosomes are found in plant cells.
c. Autosomes are diploid and sex chromosomes are haploid.
d. Sex chromosomes determine gender and autosomes do not.

A

d

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