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biology Flashcards

m

1
Q

invented the first compound microscope

A

hans and zacharias jansen

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2
Q

discovered and came up with the word “cell”

A

robert hooke

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3
Q

while looking at the pond of water under the microscope, he observed that he calles “animalcules”

A

anton van leeuwenhoek

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4
Q

stated that plants are made up of cell

A

matthais schleiden

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5
Q

concluded that animals are made up of cells

A

theodor schwann

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6
Q

stated that some cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division

A

rudoff virchow

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7
Q

bacteria

A

prokaryotic

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8
Q

protest,fungi,animals,plants

A

eukaryotic

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9
Q

Single circular
chromosome

A

prokaryotic

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10
Q

Multiple circular
chromosome

A

eukaryotic

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11
Q

Chromosome found
in a cytoplasmic
region called the
nucleoid.

A

prokaryotic

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12
Q

Chromosomes found
in a membranebound nucleus

A

eukaryotic

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13
Q

No internal
membranes
Some infolded
plasma membrane

A

prokaryotic

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14
Q

Extensive network of
internal membranes

A

eukaryotic

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15
Q

“little organs” parts suspended in the cytoplasm and inside the plasma membrane

A

organelles

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16
Q

group of channel of organelles that produce and transport substances on the cytoplasm

A

endomembrane system

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17
Q

network of sacklike sheets and tubes responsible of various organic compounds

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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18
Q

Regulates flow of substances into and
out of cell

A

plasma membrane

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19
Q

Metabolism
Cell division

A

plasma membrane

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19
Q

Movement

A

flagellum

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19
Q

Cytoplasmic region
containing genetic material

A

nucleoid

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20
Q

Cytosol: fluid
Ribosomes
Enzymes

A

cytoplasm

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20
Q

tiny protein-making machines
that carry out the genetic
instructions of the cell

A

ribosome

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21
Q

Serves as a doorway of entering
and exiting materials to and from
the cell in a selective way
Composed of phospolipid bilayer

A

plasma membrane

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22
Q

Small circular DNA
Replicates independently

A

plasmid

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23
Q

Protects from drying
Protects against white blood cells

A

capsules

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24
Q

Supports cell
Maintains shape
Composed of peptidoglycan, which promotes additional
protection

A

cell wall

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25
Q

composed of glycocalyx which enables it to adhere to its
surrounding

A

capsules

26
Q

the tubes used to transfer plasmids
from donor to recipient bacteria

A

pili or pilus

27
Q

Allow bacteria to adhere to target
host cells, so play a major role in
bacterial virulence

A

fimbriae

27
Q

used to transport materials from one
place to another. Vesicles also
function in metabolism and enzyme
storage as well

A

vesicle

28
Q

Functions for motility
The mucosal lining of the
nose and trachea contains
cilia that filter incoming
and outgoing ai

A

cilia

28
Q

This allows some substances to enter and pass
through the cell

A

plasma membrane (eukaryotic)

28
Q

Regulates passage of materials into and out of cell
Cell-Cell Recognition

A

plasma membrane (eukaryotic)

29
Q

Serves as medium of transport
materials inside the cell.
Composed of jelly cytosol, which is
mainly composed of water and
inorganic and organic substances

A

cytoplasm

29
Q

Tough and thick layer composed of
cellulose

A

cell wall (eukaryotic cell)

29
Q

Semisolid, semiliquid part that holds the
internal structures (organelles) of the
cell.

A

cytoplasm

30
Q

Sausage-shaped
* Membrane-covered organelles composed
of bilipid layer
* Powerhouse of the cell
* Synthesize life energy– Adenosine
Triphosphate

A

mitochondrion

31
Q

synthesize proteins mostly for use within the cell

A

free ribosome

31
Q

Carrier of genetic material
DNA + protein = chromatin
2. Governs cell activities
3. Directs cell reproduction
4. Surrounded by Membrane
= nuclear envelope
5. Contains nucleolus—
produces ribosomes
which synthesize proteins

A

nucleus (eukaryotic)

31
Q

Attached ribosomes
2. Prepares proteins for export

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum (eukaryotic)

32
Q

Produced by the RER and Golgi apparatus
* Contains hydrolytic enzymes called lysozyme that
digests substances and worn out cellular parts.
* Enable recycling of molecules to produce new parts.
* Contains digestive enzymes to digest food in protists or
destroy aging organelles

A

lysosome

32
Q

Tube-like structure
2. Synthesis of Lipid, phospholipids,
and steroids.
3. Drug detoxification
4. Transport of proteins from RER

A

smooth endoplasmic resticulum

32
Q

Collects, modifies, packages and
distributes proteins and lipids from ER

A

golgi apparatus

33
Q

synthesizes proteins for export (secretion) from the cell or for use in lysosome

A

bound ribosomes

34
Q

Membrane-bound vesicles that bear the
oxidative enzyme, hydrogen peroxide that
is responsible for the oxidation and
metabolism of very long fatty acids and
lipids

A

peroxisome

35
Q

Aid in the formation of spindle fibers that
pull individual chromosomes to opposite
poles of the cell; composed of
microtubule unit

A

centriole

36
Q

Provides structural support for the cell
2. Maintains cell shape
3. Anchors organelles and proteins
4. Allows for organelle movement
and cellular movement in some cell
types

A

cytoskeleton

37
Q

Photosynthesis: Uses light
energy to produce organic
molecules

A

chloroplast (protist,plants)

38
Q

also known as cell differentiation. it is the process by which generic cells change to different types of cell to be able to perform special functions

A

cell specialization

39
Q

adaptation or changes acquired by the cell after cell division that aids the cell in various beneficial ways

A

cell modifications

40
Q

hair like structure attached to the surface of the cell and has a wave-like motion

A

cilia

40
Q

absorption, locomotion and secretion

A

apical modification

41
Q

a whip-like modification that acts like a propeller and its primarily for locomotion

A

flagella

42
Q

eyes, nose

A

non motile cilia

43
Q

“false feet” enable the organism to make temporary and irregular lobes
use for movement and engulf prey

A

pseudopods

44
Q

cilia for locomotion

A

cilia in paramecium

45
Q

attached to finger like projections called villi. increase the rate of absorption in the intestine, secretion and cellular adhesion

A

microvilli

46
Q

attached a cell to extracellular structure, such as the protein fibers in the basement membrane

A

hemidesmosome

47
Q

known as cell junctions
specialized structure that serves as intercellular connection between two adjacent cells

A

lateral modification

48
Q

fasten cell together and provides a strong mechanical attachment to adjacent cell

A

adhering junctions

49
Q

facilitate stable adhesion of basal cells to basement membrane

A

basal modification

50
Q

allows direct flow of molecules between cells and connect two cells directly from the cytoplasm

A

gap junctions

51
Q

held two adjacent cell tightly, prevents leakage of materials between cells and act as a water seal

A

tight junctions

52
Q

occurs as sheets of tightly packed cells that cover body surfaces and line internal organs and cavities

A

epithelium

53
Q

sense stimuli and transmit signals called nerve impulse

A

nervous tissue

54
Q

helps cause movement and change in the shape of some boy parts

A

muscular tissue

55
Q

helps protect,support and bind organs and other tissues

A

connective tissue

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