Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell theory?

A
  1. All living things are composed of cells
  2. Cells are the basic structure for all living things
  3. New cells are produced by existing cells
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2
Q

Fragmentation?

A

When a part of an animal breaks off and grows into a new organism

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3
Q

Vegetative Reproduction?

A

When a part of a plant breaks off and grows into a new organism

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4
Q

Spore formation?

A

Cell division. Genetically identical

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5
Q

Binary Fusion?

A

“Rapid Growth” parent undergoes cell division. Genetically identical

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6
Q

Budding?

A

Offspring grow off of parent until full size, then break off. Identical

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7
Q

Mitosis?

A

The process that divides the nuclear material during cell division. Asexual

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8
Q

Nucleus?

A

“Information centre” for reproduction and other functions. Where DNA is stored.

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9
Q

Centrioles?

A

Creates spindle fibres in cell division

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10
Q

Ribosomes?

A

Sites of protein

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11
Q

Nuclear Membrane?

A

Controls material transport in and out of nucleus. RNA is stored here

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12
Q

Two types of RNA?

A

Messenger and transfer

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13
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Smooth is fats and hormones

Rough is proteins

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14
Q

Cell wall?

A

Only in plants, protects them

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15
Q

Cell membrane?

A

Controls material transport

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16
Q

Mitochondria?

A

“Powerhouse” of the cell. Mom DNA

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17
Q

Lysosomes?

A

Centres of cellular digestion “recycling”

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18
Q

Vacuole?

A

“Reservoirs”

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19
Q

Chloroplasts?

A

Energy in plants cells. Sites for food manufacture.

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20
Q

Centrosome?

A

Contains centrioles that are functional during reproduction. In animal cells

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21
Q

Chromosomes are made of?

A

DNA and protein

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22
Q

Chromosomes?

A

DNA. Agents for distribution

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23
Q

Cytoplasm?

A

Provides an organized watery environment. Contains organelles

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24
Q

Golgi apparatus?

A

Synthsmesizes carbohydrates and packages secretions for discharge from the cell.

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25
Q

Sexual reproduction?

A

Requires 2 and formation of specialized cells. Offspring are usually not identical

26
Q

Karyotype?

A

A picture of all the chromosomes in a particular individual. Usually homologous paired up

27
Q

Gametes?

A

Haploid reproductive cells. 23 pairs in humans.

28
Q

Fertilization?

A

Occurs when gametes fuse

29
Q

Two steps for fertilization?

A
  1. Sperm penetrates outer cover of ovum.

2. Nuclei of egg and sperm fuse, pair up and form a diploid cell

30
Q

Zygote?

A

Fertilized egg

31
Q

Embryo?

A

Once zygote begins to divide by Mitosis

32
Q

Hermaphrodite?

A

Animals that can produce male and female gametes.

33
Q

External fertilization?

A

Outside the body

34
Q

Internal fertilization?

A

Inside the body. Sperm is usually inserted into female body

35
Q

Oviparous?

A

Laying eggs that hatch outside the mothers body

36
Q

Ovoviviparous?

A

Offspring may hatch inside uterus before birth. Feed from yolk

37
Q

Viviparous?

A

Young develop in uterus and are fed from planeta before birth

38
Q

Primary sexual characteristics?

A

Gonads. Sex organs humans are born with.

39
Q

Secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Male: muscles, deep voice, hair
Female: fat deposits, wider hips, hair

40
Q

Selective breeding?

A

Picking best for a particular trait to breed with

41
Q

Grafting?

A

Cutting a branch off and sticking in into anther.

42
Q

Artificial Insemination?

A

To place a sperm in a woman’s reproductive track with a syringe

43
Q

Invitro?

A

Test tube babies. In glass. Uses hormones to cause females to super ovulate.

44
Q

Surrogate Mother?

A

“Phoebe from friends”

45
Q

Genetic counselling?

A

High risk steps

46
Q

Prenatal Diagnosis?

A

Info about fetus health

47
Q

Ultrasound?

A

“Shadow”

48
Q

Amniocentesis?

A

Sample amniotic fluid

49
Q

Chorionic Villus sampling?

A

Samples from the placenta

50
Q

Oviduct?

A

Transports egg, fertilization occurs here

51
Q

Ovaries?

A

Holds immature ova/eggs, releases female sex hormones

52
Q

Uterus?

A

Implantation and growth of embryo here

53
Q

Bladder?

A

Urine is stored

54
Q

Cervix?

A

Top of vagina, prevents infection

55
Q

Urethra?

A

Passage of urine

56
Q

Seminal Vesicle?

A

Secretes thin milky alkaline fluid

57
Q

Prostate?

A

Secretes small amount if clear viscous fluid

58
Q

Cowper’s gland?

A

Viscous fluid

59
Q

Epididymis?

A

Mature sperm

60
Q

Seminiferous tubule?

A

Produces haploid sperm cells