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Science 9 > Astronomy > Flashcards

Astronomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Photoperiod

A

Number of hours between sunrise + sunset

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2
Q

Retrograde motion

A

Apparent motion of slowing, reversal, then looping of a planet across the sky

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3
Q

Precession

A

Earths axis: like a spinning top
(Constellations)
26,000

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4
Q

Perihelion vs Aphelion

A

Perihelion: earth= closest to sun
Aphelion: earth= farthest from sun

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5
Q

Equinoxes and solstices

A

E: Mar21, Sept22
S: Jun21, Dec21

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6
Q

Moons revolution

A

27.3

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7
Q

Moons order

A

New, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full, Waning Gibbous, Third Quarter, Waning Crescent

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8
Q

Solar vs lunar eclipse

A

S: during new moon (EMS)
L: (SEM)

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9
Q

Nodes

A

Moons + earths orbital paths cross

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10
Q

Spectral class

A

OBAFGKM

Blue-red

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11
Q

Nebula and it’s types

A

Clouds of interstellar gas + dust

Bright and dark

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12
Q

order of the planets

A

MVEMJSUN

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13
Q

Gas giant vs Terrestrial

A

Gg: hydrogen + helium gases, low density, big mass, strong grav. pull
T: high density, slow rotation, no rings, solid surfaces + core

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14
Q

Tides

A

Spring: SME straight line
Neap: SM perpendicular to E

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15
Q

Red shift

A

Greater= faster moving away galaxy,

Further is longer wave lengths

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16
Q

Parallax

A

Apparent motion of a star against a background of more distant stars.

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17
Q

Sun stuff

A

5billion yrs
Collapsed nebula
Red giant
Photosphere, chromosphere, corona

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18
Q

Dark energy breakdown

A 
Dark energy: 70%
Dark matter: 25%
Free H&H: 4%
Stars: 0.5%
Other: 0.5%
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19
Q

Globular vs open cluster

A

G: old stars, thous-mills, sphere shaped, gravity=tight, 10-30ly, red/yel
O: young stars, few hun, less densely packed

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20
Q

HR diagram

A

HB, CB, HD, CD

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21
Q

Apparent vs Absolute

A

Ap: appears in night sky
Ab: actual light

Used for distance measuring

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22
Q

Standard Candles

A

Objects of known brightness or predictable behaviour

Used to determine distance

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23
Q

SETI

A

Search for extra terrestrial intelligence

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24
Q

Universe age and matter

A

13.7

Atoms (electrons, protons, neutrons)

25
Q

Galileo

A

Used refracting telescope

Father of scientific method

26
Q

QUASAR

A

(Quasi-stellar-radio-source-object)

Star like objects: emits powerful radio waves

27
Q

Drake equation is to

A

Find other like in the universe/galaxy

28
Q

Comet

A

Chunks of frozen matter
Orbits the sun
Long elliptical path
Comes from outer reigns

29
Q

Types of galaxies

A

Elliptical, irregular, spiral, barred spiral

30
Q

Antimatter

A

Matter with its electrical charged reversed

31
Q

Carbon is found in

A

All planets

32
Q

Space probes

A 
M: mariner
V: pioneer 
E: Hubble
Mars: Vikings, pathfinder
All gas giants: voyager
33
Q

Rotation vs Revolution

A

Rotation: around an axis- 24h
Revolution: around another object- 365d

34
Q

Black hole

A

Extremely small dense core of a star

Light can’t escape and time stops

35
Q

Star life cycle

A

Once former a particular mass or until hydrogen is used up, stars do not move as they age

36
Q

Solar flare

A

A magnetic storm on the sun

37
Q

Solar prominence

A

An arc of gas from the suns surface

38
Q

“Big Chill”

A

ED goes down but universe expands and eventually ends in a big chill

39
Q

“Modified Big Chill”

A

ED stays constant and the universe expands, (things fly apart) and eventually ends in a big chill

40
Q

“Big Rip”

A

ED goes up at a faster rate, time stops/universe disintegrates (basically everything explodes) and eventually ends in a big rip

41
Q

“Big Crunch”

A

ED goes down faster but the universe collapses in on itself (like a reverse of the Big Bang) ends in a Big Crunch

42
Q

Asteroid (starlike)

A

Rocky and metallic objects that revolve around the sun. Too small to be called planets

43
Q

Meteors

A

Small chunks of solid matter that burn up the atmosphere=bright streak of light. “Shooting stars”

44
Q

Meteoroids

A

Lumps of trapped rock or metal

45
Q

Mercury

A 
Closest to the sun
No atmosphere 
-173 to 427
Many craters
Fastest orbit
46
Q

Venus (morning star)

A

Has an atmosphere
Greenhouse effect
462
Brightest object in sky

47
Q

Earth (blue planet)

A

-88 to 58
70% water
Has a magnetic field

48
Q

Mars (red planet)

A

-90 to -5

Possible space colony location

49
Q

Jupiter

A

Over 60 moons (Galilean moons)
Coloured bans
Great Red Spot

50
Q

Galilean moons

A

Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto

51
Q

Saturn

A 
High speed of rotation 
Volume= 755 greater then earth
 About one dozen rings 
Over 50 moons-Titan
Magnetic field=500 greater than earth
52
Q

Uranus

A

-216
Winds go up to 500km
Spins on its side
Weak magnetic field

53
Q

Neptune

A 
-214
Great dark spot
6 rings (formed after) 13 moons
Triton=moon
Weak magnetic field
54
Q

Pluto

A

Dwarf planet
Small
Charon moon

55
Q

Au

A

Astronomical unit

56
Q

Ly

A

Light year

57
Q

Baseline

A

Imaginary line (longest=diameter of earths orbit)

58
Q

LGM

A

Little green men

59
Q

Space elevator

A

Counter weight

Science 9 (4 decks)

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