Biology 3202

Question 1

Terms

cell membrane

Answer 1

A double layer that supports and protects the cell. Allows materials in and out.

Question 2

Lysosome

Answer 2

Contains digestive enzymes that destroy damaged organelles and invaders.

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Jelly-like fluid that surrounds and protects the organelles.

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

The control center of the cell. Contains the DNA

Question 5

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 5

Surrounds the nucleus.

Question 6

Nucleolus

Answer 6

A round structure in the nucleus that makes ribosomes.

Question 7

vacuole

Answer 7

Stores food and water.

Question 8

Golgi Body

Answer 8

Processes and packages materials for the cell.

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

The “Powerhouse”. Breaks down food to produce energy in the form of ATP.

Question 10

Rough E.R.

Answer 10

Builds and transports substances through the cell. Has ribosomes on it.

Question 11

Smooth E.R.

Answer 11

Builds and transports substances through the cell. Does not have ribosomes.

Question 12

Ribosome

Answer 12

Helps make proteins for the cell.

Question 13

Cell Wall

Answer 13

Gives shape and protection to plant cells.

Question 14

Chloroplast

Answer 14

Changes sunlight into sugar for plant cells. Contains a green pigment called chlorophyll.

Question 15

Which Phase?
* the chromatin condenses into tightly packed chromosomes.
* The nuclear membrane breaks down, releasing the chromosomes into the cytoplasm.
* The nucleolus disappears.
* One pair of centrioles move apart to opposite poles of the cell.
* As the centrioles move apart, a network of fibres called the spindle fibres forms
between them. Each spindle fibre is made of microtubules

Answer 15

prophase

Question 16

Which Phase?
* The spindle fibres guide the chromosomes to the equator, or centre line, of the
* cell.
* The spindle fibres from opposite poles attach to the centromere of each chromosome.

Answer 16

Metaphase

Question 17

Which phase?
Each centromere splits apart and the sister chromatids separate from one another.
* The spindle fibres that link the centromeres to the poles of the cell shorten. As these
fibres shorten, sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles.
* At the end of anaphase, one complete diploid set of chromosomes has been gathered at
each pole of the elongated cell.

Answer 17

Anaphase

Question 18

Which phase?
* The chromatids begin to unwind into the longer and less visible strands of chromatin.
* The spindle fibres break down.
* A nuclear membrane forms around each new set of chromosomes
* A nucleolus forms within each new nucleus.

Answer 18

Telophase