Biology 2A - Cells, Organs and Populations Flashcards
Five parts of a cell that both plant and animal cells have.
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell Membrane
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
Three parts that plant cells have that animal cells do not.
- Rigid Cell Wall (made of cellulose)
- Permanent Vacuole
- Chloroplasts
Where is the genetic material found in Bacteria cells?
Floating in the cytoplasm as bacteria cells do not have a nucleus.
Where is the genetic material found in Animal cells?
In the nucleus where it controls the activity of that cell.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of High Concentration to an area of Low Concentration.
Four substances that can diffuse through cell membranes.
- Oxygen
- Glucose
- Amino Acids
- Water
Two substances that cannot diffuse through cell membranes.
- Starch
- Proteins
Because they are to big to fit through the membrane.
Three ways a Palisade Leaf Cells are adapted for photosynthesis.
- Packed with chloroplasts. More of them at the top of the cell so nearer to the light.
- Tall so more surface area for absorbing CO2.
- Thin so you can pack more of them at the top of the leaf.
Three ways a Sperm Cell is adapted for swimming to an egg cell.
- Long Tail - To help it swim
- Streamlined Head - To help it swim.
- Lots of Mitochondria - Provide the cell energy needed.
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells that work tougher to carry out a particular function. It can include more than one type of cell.
What is a organ?
A group of different tissues that work tougher to perform a certain function. For example the stomach.
Three examples of tissues in the human stomach.
- Muscular Tissue
- Glandular Tissue
- Epithelial Tissue
What is the function of Muscular tissue in the body? What is its use in the stomach?
It contracts (shortens) to move whatever its attached to. It is used to to move the stomach wall to churn up the food.
What is the function of Glandular tissue in the body? What is its use in the stomach?
It makes and secretes chemicals like enzymes and hormones.
Used in the stomach to make digestive juices to digest food.
What is the function of Epithelial tissue in the body? What is its use in the stomach?
Covers some parts of the body for example the inside of the gut.
It covers the inside and the outside of the stomach.
A organ system found in the human body.
The digestive system:
- Salivary glands
- Liver
- Stomach
- Pancreas
- Small Intestine
- Large Intestine
Three examples of a plant tissues.
- Mesophyll Tissue - Photosynthesis occurs
- Xylem and Phloem - Transport water, mineral ions and sucrose around the plant.
- Epidermal tissue - Covers the whole plant.
Three examples of a plant organs.
- Stems
- Roots
- Leaves
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + Water = (sunlight and chlorophyll) Glucose + Oxygen
What is the green substance in leaves that absorbs sunlight?
Chlorophyll which uses the sunlights energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (Oxygen is produced as a by-product)
Three factors that can limit the rate of photosynthesis.
- Light - at night light is a limiting factor because there is none.
- Temperature - Often in the winter its to cold.
- CO2 - If its warm enough and bright enough the amount of CO2 is limited.
Why is it important that a plant doesn’t get to hot?
Because the enzymes needed for photosynthesis and its other reactions will be damaged.
Three things that a gardener could do to make sure she grows a good crop of tomatoes in her greenhouse.
- Use a heater to create an ideal temperature.
- Use artificial light so plants got get light during the night.
- Use a paraffin heater which creates carbon dioxide for the plants to absorb.
Why is glucose turned in to starch when plants need to store it for later?
Starch is stored in roots stems and leaves through winter when photosynthesis isn’t happening. Starch is insoluble so better at storing that glucose.
