Biology 1B - Environment and Evolution Flashcards
Give four ways in which a desert animal may be adapted to its environment.
- Large Surface Area / To lose more body heat.
- Efficient with Water / Concentrated urine to lose less water.
- Camouflage/ Sandy colour to avoid predators or sneak up on prey.
- Good in hot conditions/ Thin layers of body fat.
Give three ways in which a arctic animal may be adapted to its environment.
- Small Surface Area / Reduce heat loss.
- Well Insulated/ Thick layers of fat that also store energy/ Thick coat/ Greasy fur.
- Camouflage/ White fur for snow.
State three ways plant and animals might be adapted to deter predators.
- Armour - Roses (Thorns) Tortoises (Shells)
- Poisons - Bees and Poison Ivy
- Warning Colours - Wasps
Give three ways in which a plant may be adapted to its environment.
- Small Surface area / Reduce water loss
- Water Storage Tissue/ Thick stem store water
- Maximising Water Absorption / Deep roots to read underground water
Name four things an animal competes for.
- Space (territory)
- Food
- Water
- Mates
Name four things a plant competes for.
- Light
- Space
- Water
- Minerals (from soil)
Give two examples of non-living factors that can cause environmental changes.
- Change in average Temperature.
- Change in average Rainfall.
Give two examples of living factors that can cause environmental changes.
- Change in number of predators.
- Change in numbers of prey ( availability in food source)
Explain how lichen can be used as an indicator of air pollution.
Lichen is sensitive to Sulfur Dioxide (car exhaustion and power stations) in the atmosphere. The number of lichen in a particular location will indicate how clean the air is (clean air lots of lichen)
Name an organism that can be used as an indicator of water pollution.
Mayfly Larvae - More larvae means clean water.
What does each bar on a pyramid of biomass represent?
Bottom Bar - Producer / Plant (Dandelions)
Second Bar - Primary Consumer/ Prey that eats plant (Rabbit)
Final bars - Secondary Consumer/ Predator that eats prey ( Fox)
The Food Chain
Give two ways that energy is lost in the food chain.
- Plants / Photosynthesis
- Animals / Heat Loss/ Animals Waste/ Movement
This is why biomass pyramids get smaller as they go up as there is more energy is lost at each stage so each level is less.
Give one way carbon dioxide from the air enters the food chain.
Carbon dioxide becomes apart of fats and proteins in animals when they eat plants and is returned through respiration and waste going back in the soil and absorbed by plants again.
Name three animal characteristics that are determined only by genes.
- Eye colour.
- Blood Group.
- Inherited Disorder (cystic fibrosis)
Name three animal characteristics that are determined by characteristics and genes.
- Height
- Skin colour
- Body Weight
