Biology 2.8 Cell Culture

Question 1

what is cell culture?

Answer 1

Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions outside of their natural environment.

Question 2

What are some example of cell tecnhiques that have been used?

Answer 2

1. Microbial Cell Culture
   - Identifying cause of infectious disease.
2. Plant Cell Culture
   - Studying responses to stress.
   - Producing disease free plantlets.
3. Animal Cell Culture
   - Studying response to drugs.
   - Production of vaccines.

Question 3

What do cultured cells require?

Answer 3

1. Optimal temperature, pH and osmotic balance.
2. A culture medium containing cell nutrients and growth factors.
3. A sterile environment.

Question 4

What are the steps of animal cell culture?

Answer 4

1. Dissect tissue sample.
2. Digest the sample with enzymes to separate the tissue clump into single cells.
3. Place cells in culture medium with nutrients and growth factors and incubate at optimal temperature.
4. Wait, regulalry check cells and change the culture medium every few days.

Question 5

what are some application of animal cell culture?

Answer 5

• Production of Vaccines
• Propagation of viruses
• Production of monoclonal antibodies
• Production of therapeutic proteins
• Gene therapy
• Cell therapy
• Regenerative medicine
• Tissue engineering
• Drug screening and toxicity test

Question 6

What are the steps of plant cell culture?

Answer 6

1. Sample is collected from donor plant.
2. Cells are washed in alcohol to remove microorganisms.
3. Cells are added to nutrient-rich agar in a petri dish.
4. Each cell grows into a cluster of cells (called callus).
5. Growth factors and hormones are added to differentiate cells into roots, shoots, or both.
6. New plants are transferred to soil.

Question 7

What are some applications of plant tissue culture?

Answer 7

• Gentic transformation
• Embryo rescue
• Cryopreservation
• Somatic Hybridization
• Induced polyploidization
• Microporpagation
• Syntheic seed