Biology 2.3 Energy Flashcards
What are autotrophs?
Autotrophs produce their own food from substances available in ther environment using light (photosynthesis) or chemical energy (chemosynthesis). This are plants algae, and some bacterias.
What are heterotrophs?
Hetertrophs cannot produce their own food. They reily on other organisms (plants and animals) for nutrition. This are herbivores, omnivores and carnivores.
What does all cells need energy for?
Synthesis (making chemical including proteins and DNA)
Movement
Maintatining the intracellular environment by active transport
Cell divison
Where is energy stored?
ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) is the molecule that stores energy for use in cells. Energy is stored in the third phosphate bond of ATP.
What does ATP continually do in the body?
ATP is continually being synthesised and broken down in the body, providing the cell and the entire organism with energy.
How does photosynthesis support plants?
In plants, photosynthesis is used to produce glucose
How does cellular respiration help support living organisms?
In many living organisms, cellular respiration is ued to breakdown glucose into ATP
What does photosynthesis do and where does it occur.
Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that converts light energy into chemical energy. This takes place in the chloroplasts.
What does cellular respiration do?
Cellular respiration converts chemical energy (glucose) into a simple form of energy (ATP) the body can use for many metabolic processes.
What are the two types of respirations?
Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration (fermentation)
True or False does aerobic respiration occur in the presence of oxygen
True, it does occur in the the presence of oxygen
True or False does anaerobic respiration occur in the presence of oxygen?
False, anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.
What are the by-products of aerobic respiration?
The by-products produced are carbon dioxide and water.
What is the process of aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration produces ATP by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen.
How many ATP molecules are produced from aerobic respiration and where does this occur
Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria and is a very efficient process; producing 36 molecules of ATP.
How many of ATP molecules is produced from anaerobic respiration
2 molecules of ATP
what is the process of anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration is the partial breakdown of glucose to produce 2 molecules of ATP
how does anaerobic respiration occur in prokaryotes
this process occurs in prokaryotes with no need of mitochondria present.
how does anaerobic respiration occur in the eukaryotes
In eukaryotes this only occurs when not enough oxygen is available for aerobic respiration
What are the two types of fermentation
Alcoholic and lactic acid
Where does alcoholic fermentation occur
occurs in yeasts and plant cells.
where does lactic acid fermentation occur
occurs in animal cells, and some bacterial cells.
