Biology Flashcards
Chemical equation for combustion of glucose.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O -> 6CO2 + 12H2O + 36/38 ATP
Total ATP yield for prokaryotes? Eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes = 38 (they don't need to shuttle pyruvate into the mitochondrion) Eukaryotes = 36
NAG or NAM participate in peptide bonding in the peptidoglycan cell wall.
NAM
RNA viruses replicate where in the cell? DNA viruses replicate where? Retroviruses?
RNA replicate in the cytoplasm.
DNA replicate in the nucleus.
Retroviruses convert RNA into DNA in the cytoplasm using reverse transcriptase then integrate DNA into hosts genome.
Gram (-) vs gram (+)
Gram (-) thick peptidoglycan, no lipopolysaccharide.
Gram (+) thin peptidoglycan, thick lipopolysaccharide.
Codominance vs incomplete dominance.
Codominance: when both phenotype a show up together (spots, stripes)
Incomplete dominance: when the two phenotypes blend “in” (red and white making pink flowers)
Fluid in the alveoli of the lungs that reduces surface tension is called?
Surfactant
Polygenic inheritance.
When multiple genes control a phenotype (colour blindness)
Proenzyme or ____ is a form of an enzyme that needs to be cleaved to become active. An enzyme without a cofactors is called? An enzyme that is active is called?
Zymogen
Apoenzyme
Holoenzyme
Saprotrophic
An organism that releases enzymes to break down decaying matter extracellularly. Characteristic of the kingdom fungi.
Nucleotides consist of all of the following except? Phosphate group Heterocyclic rings Nitrogenous base Six carbon sugar
Six carbon sugar. Nucleotides have a 5 carbon sugar. Each nucleotide is a heterocyclic compound.
What yields the most ATP per gram?
6 carbon fatty acid or a 6 carbon carbohydrate?
6 carbon fatty acid.
The kingdom Protista contains the following members except? Green algae Amoeba Cyanobacteria Dinoflagellates
Cyanobacteria
DNA polymerase move in what direction along parent strand?
3’ -> 5’
Which of the following is not a member of the kingdom Protista? Heliozoans Diatoms Rhizopus Radiolarians
Rhizopus
