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Biology > Biology 241 Topic 1 > Flashcards

Biology 241 Topic 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was Carolus Linnaeus?

A

The first taxonomist who created the 5 kingdom hierarchy

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2
Q

What was the 5 kingdom hierarchy based on?

A

How similar organisms were in morphology and nutrition

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3
Q

What is the order of the classification

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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4
Q

How is binomial nomenclature determined?

A

Genus species

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5
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms

A

Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of Monera?

A

-unicellular
-no nucleus

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of Protista

A

-Mostly unicellular
-nucleus

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of Fungi?

A

-Multi/unicellular
-nucleus
-differing nutrition

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9
Q

Plantae

A

-nucleus
-photosynthetic
-non-mobile

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10
Q

Animalia

A

-nucelus
-mobile
-heterotrophic

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11
Q

What translates DNA into proteins?

A

Ribosomes

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12
Q

What does it mean when the nucleic acid sequence of species are similar? different?

A

Similar: Closely related
Different: Diverged ancestry long ago

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13
Q

What is the 3 domain classification system?

A

3 classes of organisms based on similarities and differences in their DNA sequence

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14
Q

What is a 2 domain system?

A

The idea that eukarya are an asgard group of archaea, thus there only being 2 domains

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15
Q

What are 3 three groups in the 3-domain classifcation system?

A

Bacteria, Archaea. Eukarya

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of bacteria?

A
  • No nucleus (prokaryotic)
  • Unicellular
  • Peptidoglycan in cell walls
  • Small (1-5 um length)
17
Q

What are the characteristics of archaea

A
  • No nucleus (prokaryotic)
  • Unicellular
  • Some have cell walls made in pseudopeptiglycan
  • Small
18
Q

What are the characteristics of Eukarya

A

-Eukaryotic
-Unicellular or Multicellular
-Some have a cell wall made of cellulose or chitin
- large cells (10-100x larger than prokaryotic cells)

19
Q

What do Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes have in common?

A

Cytoplasm, DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes

20
Q

What are the differences of Eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

Eukaryotes: Nucleus, endomembrane system, organelles, big, multiple linear chromosomes,80s
Prokaryotes: Small, no nucleus, no organelles, 1 circular dna, 70s

21
Q

Why are prokaryotic cells small?

A

To ensure nutrients can go throughout the cell (surface area to volume ratio is larger)

22
Q

What happens when a cell doubles in size

A

SA 4x, Vol 8x

23
Q

Why can Eukaryotes be big?

A

Its endomembrane system and membrane-bound organelles that allow for compartmentalization

24
Q

What is compartmentalization?

A

When a cell has distinct sections within itself

25
Q

What is horizontal gene transfer?

A

When a gene from one species becomes part of the genome in another species

26
Q

What does LUCA stand for

A

Last Universal Common Ancestor

27
Q

What is endosymbiosis?

A

When an organism lives with a host organism and establishes a mutual symbiotic relationship

28
Q

What is considered evidence for endosymbiosis?

A

The mitochondria and chloroplasts now in eukaryotes have similar rRNA to prokaryotes

29
Q

What are the 2 ways organisms classified by nutrition?

A

Its source of energy and carbon

30
Q

What are the 4 ways to call an organism in regards to its method of obtaining energy

A

Phototroph
Chemoorganotroph
Chemlithotroh

31
Q

What is a phototroph

A

Obtain energy through light

32
Q

What is a Chemoorganotroph

A

Uses organic molecules –> ATP

33
Q

What is a Chemolithoroph

A

Uses inorganic molecules

34
Q

What are the 2 ways to call an organism to obtain carbon?

A

-Autotroph
-Heterotroph

35
Q

What is an autrotroph?

A

Self eater, obtains carbon inorganically through carbon fixation

36
Q

What is a Heterotroph?

A

Other eater, obtains carbon organically by consuming plants/animals/organic molecules

37
Q

What is the order of naming an organism based on how the recieve carbon and energy?

A

Energy source + Carbon source + troph

Biology (5 decks)

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