Biology 2.4.1 Flashcards
What are the 9 Plant Structures? (9)
-Waxy Cuticle.
-Upper Epidermis.
-Palisade Mesophyll.
-Spongy Mesophyll.
-Lower Epidermis.
-Guard Cell.
-Stomata.
-Xylem.
-Phloem.
What is the ‘Waxy Cuticle’?
Protective Layer on Top of Leaf. Prevents Water from Evaporating.
What is the ‘Upper Epidermis’?
Thin & Transparent to Allow Light to Enter Palisade Mesophyll Layer Underneath it.
What is the ‘Palisade Mesophyll’?
Column Shaped Cells Tightly Packed with Chloroplasts to Absorb More Light, Maximising Photosynthesis.
What is the ‘Spongy Mesophyll’?
Contains Internal Air Spaces that Increases the SA:V Ratio for the Diffusion of Gases.
What is the ‘Lower Epidermis’?
Contains Guard Cells & Stomata.
What are the ‘Guard Cells’?
Absorbs & Loses Water to Open & Close the Stomata to Allow Carbon Dioxide to Diffuse In, Oxygen to Diffuse Out.
What is the ‘Stomata’?
Where Gas Exchange takes place. Opens During Day, Closes During Night. Evaporation of Water also takes place here. In Most Plants, Found in Much Greater Concentration on the Underside of the Lead to Reduce Water Loss.
What is the ‘Xylem’?
Transports Water & Mineral Ions into the Leaf for Mesophyll Cells to Use in Photosynthesis, & for Transpiration from Stomata.
What is the ‘Phloem’?
Transports Sucrose & Amino Acids Around the Plant.
The Leaf is a Plant ___.
Organ.
Describe the Leaf Adaptation ‘Large Surface Area’:
Increases Surface Area for the Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide & Absorption of Light for Photosynthesis.
Describe the Leaf Adaptation ‘Thin’:
Allows CO2 to Diffuse to Palisade Mesophyll Cells Quickly.
Describe the Leaf Adaptation ‘Chlorophyll’:
Absorbs Light Energy so that Photosynthesis can take place.
Describe the Leaf Adaptation ‘Network of Veins’:
Allows the Transport of Water to the Cells of the Leaf & Carbohydrates from the Leaf for Photosynthesis. (Water for P.sis., Carbohydrates as a Product of P.sis.)
Describe the Leaf Adaptation ‘Stomata’:
Allows CO2 to Diffuse into the Leaf & Oxygen to Diffuse Out.
Describe the Leaf Adaptation ‘Epidermis is Thin & Transparent’:
Allows More Light to Reach the Palisade Cells.
Describe the Leaf Adaptation ‘Thin Cuticle Made of Wax’:
To Protect the Leaf Without Blocking Sunlight.
Describe the Leaf Adaptation ‘Palisade Cell Layer at Top of Leaf’:
Maximises the Absorption of Light as it will Hit Chloroplasts in the Cells Directly.
Describe the Leaf Adaptation ‘Spongy Layer’:
Air Spaces Allow CO2 to Diffuse through the Leaf, Increasing the SA.
Describe the Leaf Adaptation ‘Vascular Bundles’:
Thick Cell Walls of the Tissue in the Bundles help to Support the Stem & Leaf.
